- Arthritis is a common illness in canines, particularly older dogs. This condition may cause joint pain, inflammation, and stiffness(1).
- CBD pet products such as soft chews and dog treats may deliver various benefits for a pet’s health, such as arthritis pain relief(2).
- Research from 2018 suggested that oral CBD may decrease pain and inflammation in dogs suffering from osteoarthritis(3).
- However, further research is still needed to conclusively determine the efficacy of CBD as a canine arthritis treatment. Dog owners should first talk to their veterinarians regarding their pet’s medical condition.
How Can CBD Be Beneficial for Dogs With Arthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the common types of arthritis that causes joint pain, discomfort, and mobility issues in dogs(4).
Cannabidiol, most popularly called CBD, is an active compound found in hemp and cannabis plants(5). Studies show that the compound contains immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties(6).
These benefits may be promising for managing symptoms of a dog’s arthritis.
CBD interacts with the cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) of a canine’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). These receptors play a significant role in pain and inflammatory processes(7).
The ECS is found predominantly in humans and animals. This system is responsible for the body’s homeostasis or balance. The ECS also regulates pain and inflammation signals through the cannabinoid receptors(8).
Meanwhile, studies hypothesized that dogs have a large number of cannabinoid receptors in their brains. These receptors make the animals more sensitive to cannabinoids and at risk of THC toxicity(9).
Cannabidiol is structurally similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, CBD is non-psychoactive. Thus, CBD cannot induce a euphoric high, unlike THC(10).
CBD, when used in pet products like treats and soft chews, may provide different health benefits, which can be good for arthritis pain relief in dogs(11).
Research on CBD Oil for Dogs With Arthritis
A 2018 study from Cornell University investigated the effects of orally administered CBD in dogs with osteoarthritis(12).
The researchers administered 2 mg of CBD per kilogram of body weight to the canines twice daily for four weeks.
According to the clinical findings, the use of CBD may have decreased the dogs’ pain and inflammation and increased their comfort and activity levels. Moreover, pet owners reported no side effects on their furry friends.
Another study suggested that hemp-based CBD dog treats may contain therapeutic benefits for a pet’s health(13).
These benefits may reduce inflammation, pain, itching, and gastrointestinal system issues in canines(14).
Recently, researchers from Colorado State University conducted a clinical trial to investigate the effectiveness of CBD oil as a form of pain management for dogs with osteoarthritis(15).
The researchers administered full-spectrum CBD oil containing hemp extract and hemp seed oil. The study showed that CBD oil may have reduced pain and improved the dogs’ comfort, mobility, and overall quality of life and wellness.
Based on the research findings, CBD’s purported benefits may be a possible subject for further research on dogs.
However, current clinical data on the effectiveness of CBD in managing canine arthritis is still insufficient. Pet owners are highly encouraged to first consult a veterinarian for their dog’s health.
How to Give Dogs CBD Oil for Arthritis
CBD oil tinctures can be administered under a dog’s tongue or mixed into the canine’s food(16). This CBD form comes with a dropper for a measured CBD dose.
Meanwhile, edibles such as dog treats and chews are a convenient way to give pets CBD, especially if the animals are picky eaters and dislike the natural taste of the compound(17).
Lastly, CBD topicals like creams and salves are applied directly onto the dog’s skin for localized pain relief from joint pains(18).
Choosing the Best CBD Oil for Dogs With Arthritis
When choosing the best CBD oil for dogs or pet CBD products, here are some vital information and disclaimers to remember:
Type of CBD
Full-spectrum CBD oil or full-spectrum hemp extract has all the cannabinoids and cannabis-derived compounds, like flavonoids, terpenes, and a less than 0.3% THC concentration.
Flavonoids may contain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties(19), while terpenes give cannabis plants’ their unique scent(20).
Full-spectrum CBD oil may also deliver the entourage effect, which is the phenomenon wherein all the active compounds of cannabis work better when taken simultaneously.
However, it is vital to note that when pets consume high doses of THC, they may experience THC toxicity which causes vomiting, tremors, and lethargy(21).
Thus, pet owners should opt for broad-spectrum CBD oil pet products(22).
Broad-spectrum CBD oil is THC-free but still contains all the cannabinoids and compounds of the cannabis plant(23).
Hemp Source
It is best to choose high-quality CBD products like CBD dog treats made from natural ingredients, and cruelty-free, non-GMO CBD extracts made from organic hemp.
Some CBD products may contain fertilizers, pesticides, heavy metals, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs), harming users’ health.
Third-Party Lab Testing
Trusted CBD brands should undergo thorough evaluation from third-party laboratories. Their products’ certificates of analysis (COA) should also be displayed on the company’s website.
COAs are third-party lab results that show the CBD product’s actual content and declare the presence of any contaminants that may be detrimental to the dog’s health.
Carrier Oil
CBD is usually infused with carrier oils like coconut oil, MCT oil, or hempseed oil.
“Hempseed oil” is different from “hemp oil.” Hemp oil is an essential oil from the leaves and flowers of hemp plants. Meanwhile, hempseed oil is made from pressed hemp seeds and does not contain CBD.
CBD Dosage for Dogs With Arthritis
Currently, the FDA or the Food and Drug Administration has not approved any CBD dosage for canine arthritis.
However, research indicated that a 2mg/kg dose of CBD may not cause any adverse side effects in healthy dogs(24).
Still, dog owners should practice caution when giving higher doses of CBD to their pets, as the compound may cause side effects like drowsiness, dry mouth, and low blood pressure(25).
The weight and size of the canine may also influence the CBD dosage, as larger dogs may need higher doses than small dogs.
How Long Does It Take for CBD Oil to Help With Arthritis in Dogs?
Dogs may begin to feel the benefits of CBD oil depending on dosage and administration methods.
CBD tinctures, usually applied under the pet’s tongue, allow the compound to bypass the digestive tract and directly enter the bloodstream, leading to a quicker onset time than other methods.
Meanwhile, CBD treats and chews pass through the digestive tract before being absorbed by the liver. Hence, this method may have a slower onset time than tinctures.
Lastly, topical CBD products like creams and salves may take effect depending on the thickness of the dog’s skin since the bloodstream directly absorbs topicals.
Is CBD Safe for Dogs With Arthritis?
Clinical research on the safety and efficacy of CBD for arthritis in dogs is limited. Nevertheless, CBD is generally safe for healthy dogs(26).
A research survey in 2018 indicated that pet owners who gave CBD-infused treats to their dogs noted improvements in their pet’s medical issues like pain and anxiety, without any detrimental side effects(27).
Are There Any Side Effects of CBD on Dogs With Arthritis?
Some possible side effects of CBD in dogs may include(28):
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Lethargy
Moreover, dog owners should practice caution when giving their dogs CBD oil with THC, as this psychoactive compound may be toxic to the animals at particular doses(29).
CBD may also inhibit the effects of some of the prescribed medications on canines.
Cannabidiol inhibits the cytochrome P450 enzyme, which metabolizes drugs. The inhibition of this enzyme may cause drugs to stay unmetabolized in the system(30).
When giving their pets new supplements, pet owners should start with small doses and closely monitor their dog’s reactions(31).
It is also essential to seek professional medical advice from veterinarians regarding the dog’s health condition and medication before giving the pooches CBD products.
What Is CBD Oil?
CBD is one of the different compounds extracted from the cannabis plant. CBD, in contrast to THC, is not psychoactive.
Thus, the compound can not change an individual’s state of mind when using CBD. However, cannabidiol may induce medicinal effects on a user’s body(32).
According to a study, taking CBD oil may be beneficial in managing medical issues such as(33):
- Anxiety and depression
- Pain and inflammation
- Nausea
- Epilepsy
However, federal and state laws in the United States prevent some veterinarians from suggesting, prescribing, or administering cannabis or any cannabis-derived product to animals(34).
Despite this, dog owners should feel free to initiate a conversation with their veterinarian regarding the use of CBD oil on their pets.
It is highly suggested that before giving pet dogs CBD oil for arthritis, dog owners should verify individual state laws about CBD use to avoid any legal consequences.
For instance, licensed veterinarians in Nevada are allowed to administer cannabis products to their patients as long as the THC level is less than 0.3%(35).
What Does Arthritis in Dogs Look Like?
Older dogs, also called senior dogs, are more likely to develop arthritis. If a pet owner suspects that their canine is in pain or is suffering from this condition, the initial step for treatment is an official medical diagnosis(36).
According to an expert in veterinary medicine, Dr. Jerry Klein of the American Kennel Club (AKC), some first signs and symptoms of arthritis in dogs may include(37):
- Difficulty or hesitance to get up from a lying position
- Issues with mobility like climbing stairs, jumping on elevated places
- Having narrow stances on the rear limbs
- Degeneration of posterior limb muscles
If individuals see these signs on their pets, it is vital to take them to a veterinarian to check whether they have canine arthritis. These medical professionals will conduct physical exams, radiographs and talk to the pet owners about symptoms(38).
Upon an official diagnosis, veterinarians will create a personalized treatment plan depending on the canine’s age, metabolic condition, and severity of the illness(39).
Treatment Options for Arthritis in Dogs
The best treatment plans for canine arthritis may vary depending on the dog’s condition. Some treatment options for canine arthritis are(40):
- Cartilage protectors decrease the damage of the cartilage or the connective tissues in the body. These protectors may also decrease further degeneration of the cartilage, reduce pain and inflammation, and promote joint repair.
- Weight loss is a recommended treatment plan as overweight or unfit dogs have a higher risk of developing arthritis. A combination of exercise and weight management is suggested to maximize the dog’s mobility and fitness of the muscle joints.
- Nutraceuticals are food supplements designed to support dogs’ healthy functions. Veterinarians may recommend joint supplements such as seraquin, which contains chondroitin and glucosamine. These are chemicals that naturally occur in joint cartilage. Some supplements may also contain curcuminoid, which is a component of the turmeric plant and contains antioxidants.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to canines for short-term pain management and reducing inflammation caused by arthritis. However, long-term use of these products may result in detrimental side effects on dogs.
FAQs
1. Does CBD help with dogs’ arthritis and joint pain?
A research study in 2018 examined the effects of CBD oil in dogs suffering from osteoarthritis(41).
Researchers hypothesized that giving canines hemp-based CBD dog treats may induce therapeutic effects such as decreased joint pain, inflammation, digestive system issues, and itching(42).
Moreover, a study done on mice and rats suggested that the combination of CBD and THC may be beneficial in managing difficult-to-treat pain(43).
However, there is still a lack of evidence on CBD’s effectiveness in treating chronic pain linked to canine osteoarthritis(44).
2. Can a dog taking medications also take CBD oil?
CBD can interact with a dog’s other prescribed medications through the inhibition of the P40 enzyme in the canine’s system. This interaction may prevent the metabolization of drugs(45).
Thus, it is vital that pet owners consult their veterinarian about any possible drug-to-drug interactions.
3. Why is CBD good for dogs with arthritis?
Clinical evidence that suggests CBD’s effectiveness and safety when used for arthritis in dogs is limited. Nevertheless, CBD is relatively safe to use on healthy dogs and cats(46).
An important thing to remember is that CBD does not possess any intoxicating or psychoactive properties. Hence, dogs are not at risk of intoxication when taking the compound(47).
A 2018 survey of pet owners showed that individuals who gave CBD-infused treats to their dogs noted improvements in their pet’s various medical issues, such as pain and anxiety, without causing any detrimental side effects(48).
Moreover, study results indicated that the compound may reduce a dog’s joint pain(49).
4. Does CBD really work for arthritis?
According to a recent study, cannabidiol has been regarded as a potential treatment for a wide array of inflammatory medical conditions(50).
In the veterinary study, CBD significantly reduced pain and increased mobility among the canines. The studies also indicated no adverse effects of CBD throughout the four-week trial.
Results suggest that hemp-derived CBD may be safe and beneficial in relieving arthritis pain(51).
- Arthritis in Dogs
https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/health-and-dog-care/health/health-and-care/a-z-of-health-and-care-issues/arthritis/ - Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/ - Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2018.00165/full - Osteoarthritis in Dogs
https://www.acvs.org/small-animal/osteoarthritis-in-dogs - CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/ - The Nonpsychoactive Cannabis Constituent Cannabidiol Is an Oral Anti-arthritic Therapeutic in Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10920191/ - CBD for Dogs With Arthritis: What Does the Science Actually Say?
https://caninearthritis.org/cbd-for-dogs-with-arthritis-claims/ - The Endocannabinoid System of Animals
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770351/ - Ibid.
- Immune Responses Regulated by Cannabidiol
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173676/ - Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/ - Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2018.00165/full - Ibid.
- Ibid.
- The Use of Cannabidiol-Rich Hemp Oil Extract to Treat Canine Osteoarthritis-Related Pain: A Pilot Study
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339698157_The_Use_of_Cannabidiol-Rich_Hemp_Oil_Extract_to_Treat_Canine_Osteoarthritis-Related_Pain_A_Pilot_Study - Healing With CBD, Page 182
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Flavonoids: An Overview
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5465813/ - The Cannabis Terpenes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763918/ - Marijuana Poisoning in Dogs
https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/marijuana-poisoning-in-dogs/ - Does CBD Work for Dogs?
https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/does-cbd-work-for-dogs/ - Cannabidiol Primer for Healthcare Professionals
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7340472/ - Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Safety Assessment with Use of CBD-Rich Hemp Nutraceutical in Healthy Dogs and Cats
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/10/832 - CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/ - Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Safety Assessment with Use of CBD-Rich Hemp Nutraceutical in Healthy Dogs and Cats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6826847/ - Dog Owners’ Use and Perceptions of Cannabis Products
https://www.ahvma.org/wp-content/uploads/AHVMA-2018-V51-CannabisUseandPerceptions.pdf - FAQs About CBD Use in Pets
https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/faqs-about-cbd-use-pets - Can CBD Oil Help Dogs With Epilepsy?
https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-for-dog-seizures/ - Healing with CBD. page 115
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/ - Ibid.
- Healing with CBD. page 181
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - How to Talk to Your Veterinarian About CBD Oil for Dogs
https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/talk-veterinarian-cbd-oil/ - Nevada Veterinarians Can Treat Patients With Certain Cannabis Products
https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2021-10-01/nevada-veterinarians-can-treat-patients-certain-cannabis-products - How to Manage the Symptoms of Canine Arthritis
https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/dealing-with-canine-arthritis/ - Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Arthritis in Dogs
https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/health-and-dog-care/health/health-and-care/a-z-of-health-and-care-issues/arthritis/ - Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2018.00165/full - Ibid.
- Cannabinoids in the Management of Difficult to Treat Pain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2503660/ - Ibid.
- FAQs About CBD Use in Pets
https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/faqs-about-cbd-use-pets - Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Safety Assessment with Use of CBD-Rich Hemp Nutraceutical in Healthy Dogs and Cats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6826847/ - Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/ - Dog owners’ use and perceptions of cannabis products
https://www.ahvma.org/wp-content/uploads/AHVMA-2018-V51-CannabisUseandPerceptions.pdf - Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2018.00165/full - A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Daily Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Canine Osteoarthritis Pain
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32345916/ - Ibid.