CBD Oil for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) - March 2023

Best CBD Oils for RLS

Editor's Pick

Spruce 750mg Lab Grade CBD Oil

Specifically formulated to be more palatable to CBD users

• Overall Clinical Score 99%

  Editor's Pick

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  Each bottle of the 750mg CBD oil tincture contains 25mg of CBD per dropper full. The oil is peppermint flavor to mask any unpleasant tastes related to CBD.

  Pros

  Cons

  • Mid-strength

  • Natural peppermint flavor

  • Made from 100% organic and natural ingredients

  • No other flavors

• Features

  Discount pricing available?	20% Off Coupon Code: CBDCLINICALS
  Source Source of Hemp	Kentucky, USA & North Carolina, USA
  Form	Oil Tincture
  Ingredients	Organic Hemp Seed Oil, Full Spectrum CBD Oil
  Type Type of CBD	Full Spectrum
  Extraction Extraction Method	Moonshine extraction method
  How to take it	Under tongue
  Potency Potency - CBD Per Bottle	750 mg per bottle
  Carrier Oil	Organic Hemp Seed Oil
  Concentration CBD Concentration Per Serving	25mg of CBD per dropper full (1ml)
  Drug Test	Contains 0.3% THC but there is a chance you may test positive for marijuana
  Flavours	Peppermint
  Price Range	$89 ($75.65 for subscriptions, 15% discount from regular price)
  $/mg CBD Price ($/mg)	$0.12/mg ($0.10/mg with subscription)
  Shipping Shipping/Time to delivery	2-4 business days (first class USPS)
  Lab Tests Lab Testing Transparency	Third Party Lab Tested post formulation for safety and potency, available on website
  Contaminants	Organic, Non-GMO, no pesticides, no herbicides, no solvents or chemical fertilizers, No preservatives or sweeteners
  Allergens	Vegan, Gluten free
  Refund policy	Within 30 days
  Recommended for	New CBD users
  Countries served	USA only (all 50 states)

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Best Organic

NuLeaf Naturals 900mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil

Perfect for anyone who are looking for CBD products that promote a healthy body and mind.

• Overall Clinical Score 99%

  Best Organic

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  Natural remedy for various illnesses. NuLeaf Naturals’ CBD oil is a whole-plant extract containing a full spectrum of naturally occurring synergistic cannabinoids and terpenes.

  Pros

  Cons

  • Pure CBD hemp

  • All natural

  • Approximately 300 drops total

  • No other flavors

• Features

  Discount pricing available?	20% Off Coupon Code: CBDCLINICALS20
  Source Source of Hemp	Colorado, USA
  Form	Oil Tincture
  Ingredients	Full Spectrum Hemp Extract, Organic Virgin Hemp Seed Oil
  Type Type of CBD	Full Spectrum CBD
  Extraction Extraction Method	CO2 Method
  How to take it	Under the tongue for approximately 30 seconds before swallowing
  Potency Potency - CBD Per Bottle	900mg per bottle
  Carrier Oil	Organic Hemp Oil
  Concentration CBD Concentration Per Serving	60mg per dropper full (1ml)
  Drug Test	Contains 0.3% THC but there is a chance you may test positive for marijuana
  Flavours	Natural
  Price Range	$99 - $434
  $/mg CBD Price ($/mg)	$0.08 - $0.13
  Shipping Shipping/Time to delivery	2-3 Days via USPS
  Lab Tests Lab Testing Transparency	Third Party Lab Tested post formulation for safety and potency, available on website
  Contaminants	No additives or preservatives, Non-GMO, NO herbicides, pesticides, or chemical fertilizers
  Allergens	Not specified
  Refund policy	Within 30 days
  Recommended for	Health-conscious persons
  Countries served	USA (all 50 states) and over 40 countries including Australia, Azerbaijan, Beliza, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macao, Malaysia, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Oman, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, and many more.

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20% Off Coupon Code: CBDCLINICALS20

Best Range of CBD Oil

Healthworx CBD Oil

Healthworx CBD Oil offers high-quality products that is sure to give you the best results.

• Overall Clinical Score 99%

  Best Range of CBD Oil

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• Summary

  Healthworx CBD Oil offers a range of strength and types of cbd depending on your preference. They also give you the choice of which kind of effect you want to tackle. Healthworx as a brand has an advantage since they are based in Colorado where quality CBD ingredients can be found. With that being in mind, it is sure you can receive high-quality products from the brand especially on their CBD Oil Tinctures.

  Pros

  Cons

  • Has various variations of strengths and kinds

  • Third party lab testing

  • Contains coconut oil

  • Does not ship internationally

• Features

  Discount pricing available?	Discounts are available for members of their loyalty program
  Source Source of Hemp	Colorado
  Form	Oil Tincture
  Ingredients	Organic MCT coconut oil as carrying oil, CO2 Extracted CBD from industrial hemp
  Type Type of CBD	Full-Spectrum
  Extraction Extraction Method	CO2 Extraction
  How to take it	Take up to fifteen drops twice a day or as you need orally.
  Potency Potency - CBD Per Bottle	500mg - 5000mg
  Carrier Oil	Organic Coconut Oil
  Concentration CBD Concentration Per Serving	33.33mg - 166.66mg
  Drug Test	There may be a slight chance that it will show on positive for THC on a drug test
  Flavours	Natural
  Price Range	$34.99 - $199
  $/mg CBD Price ($/mg)	$0.069 - $0.039
  Shipping Shipping/Time to delivery	All packages are shipped out within 24-48 hours after placing an order.
  Lab Tests Lab Testing Transparency	Lab test results are available on their website.
  Contaminants	Pesticide-Free
  Allergens	Non-GMO
  Refund policy	Returns are available for unused and unopened products and can only be done within 30 days from date of purchase.
  Recommended for	CBD starters
  Countries served	USA

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Discounts are available for members of their loyalty program

Most Pure

CBDistillery Full Spectrum CBD Oil

Reap all of the benefits of cannabis plant without any potentially intoxicating effects.

• Overall Clinical Score 99%

  Most Pure

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• Summary

  CBDistillery’s Full Spectrum Oil Tinctures combine the powers of CBD oil and other naturally occurring plant proteins, minerals, vitamins, and more so that you can get all of the benefits of the cannabis plant without any potentially intoxicating effects.

  Pros

  Cons

  • 60-Day Satisfaction Guarantee

  • Various strengths

  • Oil extracted from aerial plant parts of US grown industrial hemp

  • Sourced from non-GMO industrial hemp grown in the USA through natural farming practices

  • Dropper is a bit shaky

• Features

  Discount pricing available?	CBDCLINICALS15
  Source Source of Hemp	Colorado, USA
  Form	Oil Tincture
  Ingredients	Fractionated Coconut Oil (MCT) and Full Spectrum CBD Hemp Extract (Aerial Parts)
  Type Type of CBD	Full-spectrum
  Extraction Extraction Method	CO2 extraction
  How to take it	Apply your desired dosage and hold under the tongue for 10-20 seconds before swallowing.
  Potency Potency - CBD Per Bottle	500mg - 5000mg
  Carrier Oil	Coconut Oil (MCT)
  Concentration CBD Concentration Per Serving	16.6mg to 166.6mg
  Drug Test	May contain trace amounts of hemp derived THC <0.3%
  Flavours	None
  Price Range	$35 - $240
  $/mg CBD Price ($/mg)	$0.04 - $0.07
  Shipping Shipping/Time to delivery	Standard UPS Shipping, ships up to 5 business days
  Lab Tests Lab Testing Transparency	Third Party Lab Tested post formulation for safety and potency, available on website
  Contaminants	Contaminant-free
  Allergens	Allergen-free
  Recommended for	Different CBD users with different needs

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CBDCLINICALS15

Best Value

Sabaidee Super Good Vibes CBD Oil

4x the strength of a regular cbd oil

• Overall Clinical Score 99%

  Best Value

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• Summary

  Super Good Vibes CBD Oil provides the purest and highest quality Cannabidiol (CBD) on the market as well as other high quality phytocannabinoids, terpenes, vitamins, omega fatty acids, trace minerals, and other beneficial for your health elements, which all work together to provide benefits.

  Pros

  Cons

  • Extra strong

  • Significant benefits with just a few drops

  • 100% Natural ingredients

  • No other flavors

• Features

  Discount pricing available?	15% Off Coupon Code: CBDCLINICALS15
  Source Source of Hemp	Colorado, USA
  Form	Oil Tincture
  Ingredients	Cannabidiol (CBD), Coconut Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) Oil, Peppermint oil
  Type Type of CBD	Broad Spectrum
  Extraction Extraction Method	CO2-extraction
  How to take it	Using 1-3 servings per day as needed is a good start to determine how much you need
  Potency Potency - CBD Per Bottle	1000 mg per bottle
  Carrier Oil	Coconut MCT Oil
  Concentration CBD Concentration Per Serving	33.5 mg per dropper (1ml)
  Drug Test	Contains 0.3% THC but there is a chance you may test positive for marijuana
  Flavours	Peppermint
  Price Range	Single Bottle - $119.95, 2-Pack - $109.97 each, 3-Pack - $98.31 each, 6-Pack - $79.99 each
  $/mg CBD Price ($/mg)	Single bottle - $0.010, 2-Pack - $0.011, 3-Pack - $0.009, 6-Pack - $0.007
  Shipping Shipping/Time to delivery	3-5 Business days
  Lab Tests Lab Testing Transparency	Third Party Lab Tested post formulation for safety and potency, available on website
  Contaminants	Contaminant-free
  Allergens	Vegan and Gluten-free
  Refund policy	Within 30 days
  Recommended for	Patients who are looking for serious CBD oil support
  Countries served	USA only (all 50 states)

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Why People are Using CBD for RLS

The overall movement of the legs characterizes the symptoms of RLS. Symptoms can be accompanied by aching, crawling, or itching sensations in the limbs. There can also be leg twitching, especially during sleep.

Studies show that CBD may be useful for chronic pain relief⁽⁴⁾ and sleep improvement⁽⁵⁾. Other studies suggest that CBD may act as a neuroprotective agent that protects nerve cells from damage⁽⁶⁾.

CBD is the non-psychoactive property of cannabis. Unlike its counterpart, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD does not make people high.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is medically known as Willis-Ekbom Disease. It is a neurological dysfunction that causes an uncontrollable need to move the legs accompanied by unpleasant sensations. The irresistible urge to move the legs often escalates at night, resulting in a lack of sleep.

Studies show that those with brain iron deficiency are prone to RLS^(7,8). The brain’s iron sufficiency may not be at the same level as that of the body’s iron levels⁽⁹⁾.

Studies show that women who have fibromyalgia, a disorder of the bones and muscles, are most likely to have RLS⁽¹⁰⁾. Sleep disruptions in RLS may aggravate fibromyalgia symptoms, including painful muscles and joints, fatigue, and morning stiffness⁽¹¹⁾.

While there is no treatment for this condition, symptoms of RLS can be relieved with certain medications. 

Dopamine-inducing drugs, also known as dopaminergic drugs, are recommended as treatments for moderate to severe RLS. These drugs increase the brain’s dopamine levels⁽¹²⁾. Dopamine is the hormone responsible for controlling body movements

However, the long-term use of these drugs can lead to RLS augmentation, a worse case of RLS that occurs even during the day⁽¹³⁾. 

Another medication for RLS is Alpha-2-delta ligands (α2δ), an antiseizure medication used by RLS patients to prevent augmentation from dopaminergic drugs⁽¹⁴⁾. However, these medications have side effects, like weight gain and dizziness.

Benzodiazepines are also prescribed for people with RLS to manage anxiety and sleep problems, such as insomnia⁽¹⁵⁾. Although this drug may not relieve RLS symptoms, it may improve sleep quality⁽¹⁶⁾.

Meanwhile, opioids, a type of narcotics, are used for severe RLS that do not respond to previously mentioned treatments. These medications are used to relieve pain and are prescribed in low doses because of its psychoactive properties⁽¹⁷⁾. 

Some drugs can worsen RLS over time. These drugs are antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, and anti-nausea⁽¹⁸⁾.

Unlike pharmaceuticals that have negative side effects, CBD is a natural and safer alternative because of its good safety profile⁽¹⁹⁾.

How CBD Oil Works to Alleviate Symptoms of RLS

RLS symptoms usually occur at night, making it difficult for the RLS patient to fall or stay asleep, resulting in sleepiness during the day. RLS is one of the most common sleep disorders. As much as 10% of adults suffer from this condition⁽²⁰⁾. 

CBD has shown significant results in treating neurological disorders, including sleep disorders. Cannabidiol has improved the quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease, according to research⁽²¹⁾. Significantly, CBD has also positively developed the quality of sleep for people with Parkinson’s disease⁽²²⁾. 

The result may be the interaction of cannabinoids, active chemicals in medical marijuana, and the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). 

The ECS functions to maintain the body’s homeostasis or equilibrium to adapt to internal changes⁽²³⁾. The function involves interaction among neurotransmitters, cannabinoid receptors, and enzymes that can impact a person’s mood, appetite, immunity, and even pain reception⁽²⁴⁾.

As CBD enters the body, it activates receptors that may influence the treatment of pain, inflammation, and enables a good night’s sleep⁽²⁵⁾. These factors may help a person with RLS to feel at ease and rest soundly at night.

The Pros and Cons of CBD Oil for RLS

The Pros

• CBD is considered as generally safe with an excellent safety profile according to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO)⁽²⁶⁾.
• Pain relief, inflammation reduction, muscle relaxation, and sleep comfortability are potential therapeutic benefits of CBD that can be linked to the treatment of RLS symptoms⁽²⁷⁾.
• CBD products are legally available in some states without any prescription.

The Cons

• RLS has no proven cure yet. Further scientific studies and clinical research are needed to prove that CBD is indeed a cure for the medical condition.
• The United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) has approved only one CBD product for epilepsy⁽²⁸⁾. Other CBD products in the market are still subject to research and clinical trials. 

How CBD Oil Compares to Alternative Treatments for RLS

Iron deficiency in RLS patients can be addressed by taking iron supplements orally or intravenously⁽²⁹⁾. However, oral iron supplements may cause side effects such as constipation, stomach pain, and nausea. Meanwhile, intravenous iron infusion showed improvements in 76% of the patients without any significant side effects⁽³⁰⁾. 

Magnesium supplements are considered as alternative treatments for RLS since these are commonly prescribed for leg cramps⁽³¹⁾. 

Magnesium serves as a muscle relaxant. It soothes nerve endings and may help alleviate the symptoms of RLS. Magnesium can also be applied through the skin, especially in affected areas⁽³²⁾.

Conventional alternative treatments for RLS involve walking and running to relieve pain by moving the legs. Other treatments may be relaxation techniques, such as meditating, stretching, and massaging affected areas.

In line with this, CBD may aid these alternative treatments for an enhanced treatment with minimal to no severe side effects, presented in studies⁽³³⁾. 

How to Choose the Right CBD Oil for RLS

Full-spectrum CBD oil contains all the beneficial plant compounds found in the cannabis plant. This spectrum includes terpenes, the natural aromatic oil of the plant that can contribute to the overall effectiveness⁽³⁴⁾. 

Full-spectrum contains THC, but only up to 0.3% per weight—the legally prescribed limit according to the 2018 Farm Bill⁽³⁵⁾.

The broad-spectrum CBD oil is the same as full-spectrum, minus the THC. THC is extracted from the product using a process called chromatography, a method of physical separation of compounds.

The purest of the spectrum is called isolate. It only contains CBD, with no terpenes and no THC. It is also the least effective of all three because of its distilled form.

CBD Dosage for RLS

There are no standard dosages for CBD in general. However, the table shown below may be recommended as an initial dosing guide for initial doses based on effects and body weight⁽³⁶⁾. 

Before taking any dosage, especially for first-time users, it is best to consult a medical professional experienced in cannabis use.

How to Take CBD Oil for RLS

There are several options on how to take CBD for RLS. What might work best for the condition may depend on the symptom and the area or body part concerned.

The most common form is the sublingual CBD. These are oils and tinctures usually taken under the tongue. Some of these products can be mixed with food and can be tasteless, odorless, or flavored.

Another form is the topical CBD. These are creams, balms, and salves that are often applied in a specific area of the skin. The solution is absorbed into the skin through the endocannabinoid receptors. 

A fast-acting method of consuming CBD is vaping. Vaping CBD instantly relaxes the user upon inhaling and produces long-lasting effects. CBD oils for vape come in different flavors and are nicotine-free. However, there is a risk of lung damage with vaping.

Other CBD products come in the form of treats, like edible gummies and brownies. These appeal to the general public because of its traditional form. 

Conclusion

Restless legs syndrome is a long-term condition that may gravely affect a person’s lifestyle and overall health.

According to studies presented, CBD can help RLS sufferers lighten their symptoms and complications. These symptoms include muscle pain and inflammation, insomnia, and mood swings caused by sleepiness and fatigue. 

However, each individual’s metabolism and body composition can affect the effectiveness of CBD. The results may vary from one person to another.

The best way to know how one should treat RLS is by consulting a physician. Always consult a doctor first before trying new treatments or for any questions about the medical condition.

1. Maroon, J., & Bost, J. (2018). Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids. Surgical neurology international, 9, 91. https://doi.org/10.4103/sni.sni_45_18
2. Chagas, M. H., Zuardi, A. W., Tumas, V., Pena-Pereira, M. A., Sobreira, E. T., Bergamaschi, M. M., dos Santos, A. C., Teixeira, A. L., Hallak, J. E., & Crippa, J. A. (2014). Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 28(11), 1088–1098. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114550355
3. Montplasir J, Allen RP, Walters A, Ferini-Strambi L, “Restless Legs Syndrome and Period Limb Movements During Sleep,” in Kryger M, Roth T, Dement W (ed.), Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (5th Edition), St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2011, pages 1026 – 1037.
4. Russo E. B. (2008). Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain. Therapeutics and clinical risk management, 4(1), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s1928
5. Shannon, S., Lewis, N., Lee, H., & Hughes, S. (2019). Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series. The Permanente journal, 23, 18–041. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/18-041
6. Chagas, M. H., op. cit.
7. Connor, J. R., Ponnuru, P., Wang, X. S., Patton, S. M., Allen, R. P., & Earley, C. J. (2011). Profile of altered brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome. Brain : a journal of neurology, 134(Pt 4), 959–968. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr012
8. Allen, R. P., Picchietti, D. L., Auerbach, M., Cho, Y. W., Connor, J. R., Earley, C. J., Garcia-Borreguero, D., Kotagal, S., Manconi, M., Ondo, W., Ulfberg, J., & Winkelman, J. W. (2018). Evidence-based and consensus clinical practice guidelines for the iron treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease in adults and children: an IRLSSG task force report. Sleep Medicine, 41, 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.1126
9. Viola-Saltzman, M., Watson, N. F., Bogart, A., Goldberg, J., & Buchwald, D. (2010). High prevalence of restless legs syndrome among patients with fibromyalgia: a controlled cross-sectional study. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 6(5), 423–427.
10. Hoogwout, S.J., Paananen, M.V., Smith, A.J. et al. Musculoskeletal pain is associated with restless legs syndrome in young adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 16, 294 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0765-1
11. Guo, S., Huang, J., Jiang, H., Han, C., Li, J., Xu, X., Zhang, G., Lin, Z., Xiong, N., & Wang, T. (2017). Restless Legs Syndrome: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Diagnosis and Management. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 9, 171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00171
12. Littner MR, Kushida C, Anderson WM, et al. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep. 2004;27:557-559.
13. Allen RP, Chen C, Garcia-Borreguero D, et al. Comparison of pregabalin with pramipexole for restless legs syndrome. N Engl J Med 2014;370:621-31.
14. Kurlan, R., Richard, I. H., & Deeley, C. (2006). Medication tolerance and augmentation in restless legs syndrome: the need for drug class rotation. Journal of general internal medicine, 21(12), C1–C4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00593.x
15. Carlos, K., Prado, G. F., Teixeira, C. D., Conti, C., de Oliveira, M. M., Prado, L. B., & Carvalho, L. B. (2017). Benzodiazepines for restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, N/A. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006939.pub2
16. Winkelman, J. W., Armstrong, M. J., Allen, R. P., Chaudhuri, K. R., Ondo, W., Trenkwalder, C., Zee, P. C., Gronseth, G. S., Gloss, D., & Zesiewicz, T. (2016). Practice guideline summary: Treatment of restless legs syndrome in adults: Table. Neurology, 87(24), 2585–2593. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003388
17. Hoque, R., & Chesson, A. L., Jr (2010). Pharmacologically induced/exacerbated restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements of sleep, and REM behavior disorder/REM sleep without atonia: literature review, qualitative scoring, and comparative analysis. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 6(1), 79–83.
18. Piomelli, D., & Russo, E. B. (2016). The Cannabis sativa Versus Cannabis indica Debate: An Interview with Ethan Russo, MD. Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 1(1), 44–46. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2015.29003.ebr
19. World Health Organization. (2018). Cannabidiol (CBD) Critical Review Report. https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf
20. Montplasir J., op. cit.
21. Chagas, M. H., op. cit.
22. Chagas, M. H., Eckeli, A. L., Zuardi, A. W., Pena-Pereira, M. A., Sobreira-Neto, M. A., Sobreira, E. T., Camilo, M. R., Bergamaschi, M. M., Schenck, C. H., Hallak, J. E., Tumas, V., & Crippa, J. A. (2014). Cannabidiol can improve complex sleep-related behaviours associated with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease patients: a case series. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 39(5), 564–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12179
23. De Laurentiis A, Araujo HA, Rettori V. Role of the endocannabinoid system in the neuroendocrine responses to inflammation. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(29):4697-4706.
24. Fine, P. G., & Rosenfeld, M. J. (2013). The endocannabinoid system, cannabinoids, and pain. Rambam Maimonides medical journal, 4(4), e0022. https://doi.org/10.5041/RMMJ.10129
25. Russo E. B., op. cit.
26. World Health Organization., op.cit.
27. Corroon, J., & Phillips, J. A. (2018). A Cross-Sectional Study of Cannabidiol Users. Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 3(1), 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2018.0006
28. United States Food and Drug Administration. (2018, June 26). FDA Approves First Drug Comprised of an Active Ingredient Derived from Marijuana to Treat Rare, Severe Forms of Epilepsy. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-drug-comprised-active-ingredient-derived-marijuana-treat-rare-severe-forms
29. Trotti, L. M., Bhadriraju, S., & Becker, L. A. (2012). Iron for restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, N/A. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd007834.pub2
30. Avni, T., Reich, S., Lev, N., & Gafter-Gvili, A. (2019). Iron supplementation for restless legs syndrome – A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of internal medicine, 63, 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2019.02.009
31. Marshall, N. S., Serinel, Y., Killick, R., Child, J. M., Raisin, I., Berry, C. M., Lallukka, T., Wassing, R., Lee, R. W., Ratnavadivel, R., Vedam, H., Grunstein, R., Wong, K. K., Hoyos, C. M., Cayanan, E. A., Comas, M., Chapman, J. L., & Yee, B. J. (2019). Magnesium supplementation for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: A systematic review. Sleep medicine reviews, 48, 101218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101218
32. Kass, L., Rosanoff, A., Tanner, A., Sullivan, K., McAuley, W., & Plesset, M. (2017). Effect of transdermal magnesium cream on serum and urinary magnesium levels in humans: A pilot study. PloS one, 12(4), e0174817. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174817
33. Bergamaschi, M. M., Queiroz, R. H., Zuardi, A. W., & Crippa, J. A. (2011). Safety and side effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent. Current drug safety, 6(4), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.2174/157488611798280924
34. Booth, J. K., & Bohlmann, J. (2019). Terpenes in Cannabis sativa – From plant genome to humans. Plant Science, 284, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.022
35. Farm Aid. (2019, July 15). Understanding The 2018 Farm Bill –. Farm Aid. https://www.farmaid.org/our-work/farm-bill/
36. Iffland, K., & Grotenhermen, F. (2017). An Update on Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol: A Review of Clinical Data and Relevant Animal Studies. Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 2(1), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2016.0034