Best CBD Oil for Cats With Kidney Failure

Is your cat experiencing symptoms of kidney failure like appetite loss, vomiting, and frequent urination? Read more about the benefits of CBD and how it may help improve your cat’s overall health and well-being.

Rating
Highlights

Editor's Choice

NuLeaf Naturals Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Pet Oil

5.0 out of 5
  1. Contains 60 mg of CBD per mL of oil
  2. Great for cats, dogs and other four-legged furry creatures
  3. Can be used by humans too

Best CBD Purity

Honest Paws Wellness Oil for Cats

4.2 out of 5
  1. GMO – Free
  2. Purity and potency are tested by third-party labs
  3. Relieves stiffness and takes away joint pains

Best High Potency

4 Corners Cannabis Pet Tincture

5.0 out of 5
  1. Offers a wide range of sizes
  2. Offers choices for strengths
  3. There is peanut butter flavour

Best Value

HolistaPet Full Spectrum CBD Oil for Dogs and Cats

4.8 out of 5
  1. All Natural
  2. GMO-Free
  3. Vegan

Best Transparency

CBDistillery CBD Pet Tincture

4.2 out of 5
  1. Uses cold-pressed hemp seed oil
  2. Full-spectrum
  3. Has the same effects in pets as in humans

Best CBD Oil for Cats With Kidney Failure 2024

  1. NuLeaf Naturals Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Pet Oil Best Organic
  2. Honest Paws Wellness Oil for Cats Best CBD Purity
  3. 4 Corners Cannabis Pet Tincture Best High Potency
  4. HolistaPet Full Spectrum CBD Oil for Dogs and Cats Most Natural
  5. CBDistillery CBD Pet Tincture Best Value For Full Spectrum CBD


Compare the Best CBD Oil for Cats With Kidney Failure in 2022

Product Potency Purity Customer Service Type Extraction Transparency Absorption
NuLeaf Naturals Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Pet Oil
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
4.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
Honest Paws Wellness Oil for Cats
4.2 out of 5
1.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
4.5 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
4 Corners Cannabis Pet Tincture
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
4.0 out of 5
3.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
HolistaPet Full Spectrum CBD Oil for Dogs and Cats
4.8 out of 5
3.5 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
4.5 out of 5
4.5 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
CBDistillery CBD Oil Pet Tinctures
4.2 out of 5
1.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
4.5 out of 5
5.0 out of 5
5.0 out of 5

Best CBD Oil for Cats With Kidney Failure

1. NuLeaf Naturals Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Pet Oil
cbdc overall score

5.0

CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Potency

Purity

Customer Service

Type

Extraction

Absorption

Transparency

Pros Cons

Pure CBD hemp

No other flavors

All natural

Overview

CBD for dogs, cats and other four-legged friends! Our product is concentrated to approximately 60mg cannabinoids per milliliter of oil. While this product is designed for pets, it’s great for humans, too.

2. Honest Paws Wellness Oil for Cats
cbdc overall score

4.2

CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Potency

Purity

Customer Service

Type

Extraction

Absorption

Transparency

Pros Cons

Made from 100% organic, non-GMO, and locally grown hemp

Available in the US only

30-day money-back guarantee

Limited information on the company

Free shipping for orders over $49.95

Expedited delivery option is available

Overview

Product is organic full-spectrum hemp oils are free of GMOs, soy, corn and other contaminants. It is third-party tested for purity and potency. designed to relieve joint pains and stiffness associated with strenuous activities, natural aging, or conditions such as arthritis.

3. 4 Corners Cannabis Pet Tincture
cbdc overall score

5.0

CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Potency

Purity

Customer Service

Type

Extraction

Absorption

Transparency

Pros Cons

Has a wide variety of CBD strengths

A bit expensive

Free shipping on $100 and up

Incomplete lab test results

Overview

4 Corners Cannabis Pet Tinctures are generous on their options since there are different sizes and strengths available for you exact needs. The flavor peanut butter is available perfect for pets who are picky when it comes to eating.

4. HolistaPet Full Spectrum CBD Oil for Dogs and Cats
cbdc overall score

4.8

CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Potency

Purity

Customer Service

Type

Extraction

Absorption

Transparency

Pros Cons

100% natural

A little bit pricey compared to other brands

Formulated specifically for Pets

Organic Superfoods +CBD

Overview

HolistaPet CBD Oil only use all-natural, non-GMO organic & vegan ingredients and never put any wheat, animal by-products, cornmeal, artificial flavors or colors in any of the products.

5. CBDistillery CBD Pet Tincture
cbdc overall score

4.2

CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Potency

Purity

Customer Service

Type

Extraction

Absorption

Transparency

Pros Cons

60-Day Satisfaction Guarantee

Dropper is a bit shaky

Hemp seed oil is safe for pets and aids in easy digestion

Oil extracted from aerial plant parts of US grown industrial hemp

Sourced from non-GMO industrial hemp grown in the USA through natural farming practices

Overview

CBDistillery’s Full Spectrum CBD Oil Pet Tinctures were made with your pets in mind. Formulated with cold-pressed hemp seed oil, your pets can now enjoy all of the same benefits of CBD that you do.

How We Rank
Our Ratings

How CBD May Help Cats With Kidney Failure

There are two types of kidney failure in cats: acute kidney failure and chronic kidney failure.

Acute kidney failure happens fast due to an infection or toxin ingestion. Meanwhile, chronic kidney failure is a slow process prevalent in older cats(1).

Symptoms of kidney failure in cats may include vomiting, lethargy, and reduced appetite which may lead to weight loss(2)

Treatment for this disease involves slowing its progression and managing its symptoms to improve the pet’s quality of life(3)

Cats with kidney failure may be administered anti-nausea medications, antibiotics, or given a proper nutritional diet(4).

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant. 

CBD may contain certain health benefits that may help manage chronic kidney disease symptoms like inflammation(5), pain(6), and vomiting(7) when it interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS).   

The ECS is a system that regulates normal body functions in mammals, including humans and animals, like cats(8)

The ECS also consists of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2(9)

CB1 receptors play an integral role in pain sensation and appetite, whereas CB2 receptors activate an anti-inflammatory response that lessens pain and reduces tissue damage(10).  

In addition, CBD may also interact with serotonin receptors or 5-HT1A receptors(11).

Serotonin is the hormone that moderates nausea and vomiting(12).

Due to the ECS working similarly in all mammals, it may be possible that felines may benefit from the effects of CBD like humans do.  

Benefits of Using CBD for Cats With Kidney Failure

Kidney failure in cats may exhibit symptoms such as vomiting, lethargy, and appetite loss(13).

An animal study in the British Journal of Pharmacology indicated that CBD may have anti-nausea and antiemetic (anti-vomiting) effects in rats(14).

Another study noted the antiemetic and anti-nausea effects of CBD and other cannabinoids like cannabigerol (CBG)(15). Researchers suggested that these non-psychoactive compounds may help suppress nausea and vomiting in shrews. 

Meanwhile, a study about CBD extracts given to treatment-resistant epilepsy patients suggested that CBD may help improve appetite and stimulate body weight gain(16)

CBD’s purported benefits may be promising. However, these studies are not specific to cats. Further research on the benefits of CBD oil on feline kidney failure is needed. 

How Can CBD Oil Be Given to Cats With Kidney Disease?

There are many CBD products available in the market for pet owners. Below are some of the techniques to administer CBD oil to your cat with kidney disease

This CBD product comes with a dropper that allows you to deliver a more accurate dose to your cat. 

You may administer CBD oil under your pet’s tongue so that CBD may be absorbed quickly through the mucous membranes(17)

If your cat does not like CBD’s flavor, you may also add CBD oil to their cat food

For cats that are picky eaters, CBD cat treats are one of the simplest ways to administer the compound due to their appealing taste to cats. 

Cats that suffer from kidney failure may experience chronic pain(18)

You may give your pet CBD oil by applying it directly to their skin for localized pain relief. Besides CBD oils, CBD topicals may also come in lotions and creams. 

CBD Dosage for Cats With Kidney Disease

The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) does not recognize CBD for veterinary use(19). Thus, there is no set CBD dosage for kidney failure or kidney disorders.

A 2019 study examined healthy cats dosed with 2mg of CBD-infused fish oil. The results showed that CBD is generally safe for healthy felines(20)

Still, it is essential to check CBD product labels to determine how many milligrams are in each bottle before administering the compound to your cat with kidney disease

With CBD oil tinctures, one dropper is equal to one milliliter. Generally, it is ideal to start with low doses of 0.05mg of CBD per pound of the cat’s body weight twice daily while observing your cat’s reaction in the following weeks(21)

Still, it is essential to consult your veterinarian to know the correct dose for your furry friend with a kidney disorder. 

Currently, most states in the United States do not allow veterinary professionals to prescribe CBD to animals. 

However, licensed veterinarians in Nevada can legally recommend CBD products to animal patients if the compound contains less than 0.3% of THC(22).       

How Long Does CBD Take to Help Cats With Kidney Failure?

No specific study has determined how long CBD takes to help cats suffering from kidney failure

Different factors may influence the compound’s onset time, like the administration method, dosage, and the cat’s weight and size. 

Sublingual administration allows CBD to bypass the cat’s gastrointestinal tract and directly enter the bloodstream, leading to a faster onset time. 

Meanwhile, oral ingestion of CBD through edibles allows the compound to pass through the cat’s digestive tract and be broken down and absorbed into the liver. In this particular method, the onset time usually takes longer. 

Lastly, topical CBD is not absorbed into the bloodstream but instead used for localized pain relief(23).

How Long Will CBD Help Cats With Kidney Failure?

There is no definitive research on CBD’s efficacy in cats with kidney failure

However, a study suggested that for a dose of 2mg of CBD per kilogram of a cat’s body weight, the compound’s half-life is around 1.5 hours(24).

Half-life refers to the time a medication or drug takes until its efficacy is reduced to half. 

Further clinical studies are required to determine how long CBD’s effects in cats last. 

How to Choose the Best CBD Products for Cats

There are many CBD brands that offer high-quality CBD oil or CBD-derived pet products on the market. 

Here are some elements you should consider when selecting the best CBD oil for cats with kidney disease:    

Extraction Methods

Some extraction techniques are steam distillation and natural solvent, ethanol, and carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction.

In CO2 extraction, manufacturers use compressed or liquified CO2 as the solvent to extract different compounds and CBD from the hemp plant(25).

Type of CBD Extract

Once extracted, the CBD oil may be classified as broad-spectrum, full-spectrum, or isolates.

Broad-spectrum CBD oil does not have tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, it contains most of the cannabinoids and compounds in the cannabis plant.

Meanwhile, CBD isolates are made of pure cannabidiol. This form of CBD extract does not contain any cannabinoids, compounds, or THC

Full-spectrum CBD oil is much like broad-spectrum CBD oil as it contains all the compounds and extracts of the cannabis plant, such as cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids. 

However, unlike broad-spectrum CBD oil, full-spectrum CBD oil contains less than 0.3% THC concentration(26).

Terpenes are essential oils in cannabis that provide plants their distinct aroma(27). Flavonoids are plant compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties(28).

Meanwhile, THC is a psychoactive compound of cannabis that causes the feeling of being high(29).

Pet owners should check the disclaimers on product information or labels. Caution is advised as THC may induce urinary incontinence, mild sedation, or ataxia in animals(30).

For their cats’ safety, pet owners should make sure to choose only THC-free CBD products like CBD isolates and broad-spectrum CBD oil for pets.  

Ingredients

When looking to buy CBD products for your cat, choose CBD oil derived from organic hemp extract. Organic hemp is cultivated using natural processes that aim to eliminate toxic preservatives, fertilizers, or chemical pesticides.

Pet owners are also advised to opt for products made from non-GMO (genetically modified organism) hemp when buying CBD products for their cats.   

CBD products for pets may have additives such as carrier oils like MCT oil, coconut oil, and hempseed oil. Note that hempseed oil is different from hemp oil

Hemp oil, a term often used to refer to CBD oil, is an essential oil derived from hemp plants(31). Hempseed oil, extracted from hemp seeds, is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and does not contain cannabidiol

Certificates of Analysis

CBD brands that sell CBD products, including pet CBD oil products, should make the certificates of analysis or COAs available on their websites.

COAs are third-party test results that contain the CBD product’s cannabinoid content. This certificate also shows whether the product has any contaminants such as pesticides or heavy metals. 

Credible CBD products must have matching COA results and product label details. 

Is CBD Oil Safe for My Cat With Kidney Failure?

There are not enough reports regarding the safety of CBD oil for kidney failure

However, if pets ingest CBD products with high THC concentrations, it may cause cannabis intoxication(32). Thus, caution is advised when giving high doses of full-spectrum CBD oil to pets. 

Cannabis intoxication may lead to side effects like disorientation, excessive drooling and vomiting, seizures, and urinary incontinence in cats and dogs(33).

Pet owners are highly encouraged to initiate a conversation with their veterinarians before purchasing or using CBD products on their cats. 

Although current federal laws in the USA prevent veterinarians from recommending, prescribing, and administering CBD products to animals(34), clients may still start a discussion about CBD for their pets.

Risks and Side Effects of Using CBD for Cats With Kidney Failure

Moderate doses of CBD do not cause any detrimental side effects in cats(35).

However, the compound may induce mild side effects like lethargy, vomiting, lack of appetite, and diarrhea. Pets given high doses of CBD may also experience ataxia, an abnormal or unsteady walking pace(36).

Legality of CBD

Presently, the FDA does not approve CBD for cats. Due to insufficient data, the agency cannot ensure the safety and effectiveness of cannabis products on pets(37).

The use of CBD among humans is legal in the United States in a federal capacity. However, there may be varying levels of restrictions for CBD use in cats depending on the state. 

Therefore, before purchasing CBD products, verify and review your state laws to determine whether the compound is legal for your feline friends.

Product Frequently
Asked Questions

  • How can CBD help cats with kidney failure?

    Symptoms of kidney failure in cats are drowsiness, vomiting, and reduced appetite leading to weight loss(38)

    Kidney failure in cats is usually treated by prescription antibiotics, anti-nausea medication, and a proper diet(39)

    Meanwhile, studies have shown that CBD may contain anti-inflammatory(40), analgesic(41), and antiemetic(42) benefits. These properties may help alleviate kidney failure symptoms in cats.

  • What evidence or research exists to say that CBD may help cats with kidney failure?

    Cats with kidney failure may show symptoms like vomiting and appetite loss(43)

    An animal study suggested that CBD may contain anti-nausea and antiemetic effects that reduce the sensation of nausea and vomiting in shrews(44)

    In addition, a study on CBD extracts given to patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy suggested that the compound may help improve appetite and weight gain(45).

  • Is there any evidence that CBD can make kidney failure in cats worse?

    There are no specific studies on how CBD may worsen kidney failure in cats. 

    Generally, CBD does not seem to induce adverse effects on animals unless the pets were given extremely high doses of the compound(46).

  • Will CBD interact with any current medication my cat may be taking for kidney failure?

    CBD may suppress the action of P450 enzymes needed for metabolizing medication in the pet’s system. This interaction may reduce the effects of other drugs your cat may be taking(47).

    It is highly advised to speak to your veterinarian before giving CBD to your pets alongside other medicines.

  • Are there other treatments my cat should consider alongside CBD to help with kidney failure?

    Treatment options for your cat with kidney failure may include medication to lower blood pressure, improve red blood cell levels, and reduce protein loss(48).

    Keeping your cat hydrated is another way to help support their kidneys. Feeding your pet canned foods that contain more fluids is also encouraged(49)

    Therapeutic diets with restricted phosphorus, protein, and sodium content, as well as high in water-soluble vitamins or supplements, fiber, and antioxidant concentrations may also improve the quality of life in cats with CKD(50)

    Most importantly, talking to a licensed veterinarian on the best treatment plan for managing your cat’s kidney disease is advised.

  • What is the dosage of CBD for cats with kidney failure?

    The FDA has not authorized the use of CBD as a medical treatment for any health issues, including kidney failure(51). Therefore, there is no standard dosage of CBD for cats with kidney failure

    To know the appropriate CBD oil dosage for your feline friend, you should consult your veterinarian.

  • What happens if I give too much CBD to my cat?

    Giving your pet CBD oil with a high THC concentration may induce cannabis intoxication that causes hyperactivity, excessive drooling or vomiting, pupil dilation, and seizures(52) to your cat.

  • What happens after I give my cat with kidney failure CBD?

    In general, a moderate dose of CBD may not cause any harmful side effects in your feline friend(53).

    However, in some cases, CBD may cause side effects such as vomiting, drowsiness, appetite loss, diarrhea, and an abnormal walking gait(54).

  • Is CBD safe for cats with kidney failure?

    There is insufficient evidence about the safety of CBD oil for cats with kidney failure. However, if your pet consumes CBD products with a high concentration of THC, they may experience cannabis intoxication(55)

    Caution is strongly advised when you give high doses of CBD oil to your cat. 

    Pet owners should initiate a discussion with their veterinarian before using any CBD products for their furry companions.

  • What are the side effects and considerations of CBD Oil for kidney disease in cats?

    Cannabidiol, in general, may not induce any detrimental side effects in your pet cat(56).

    Still, CBD may cause minor side effects such as drowsiness, appetite loss, diarrhea, and vomiting(57)

    Animals given high doses of the compound may also experience an unsteady walking pace.

  • Is it legal to give CBD to my cat with kidney failure?

    The legality of cannabidiol use in cats with kidney failure may depend on the individual laws of each state. Therefore, it is essential to check your state laws and regulations regarding CBD use.

    For example, states like California allow veterinarians to discuss cannabis with their clients. However, they cannot administer, prescribe, or recommend CBD(58).


  1. Kidney Failure in Cats
    https://firstvet.com/us/articles/kidney-failure-in-cats
  2. ibid.
  3. What is kidney failure in cats?
    https://www.sharonlakes.com/site/blog-south-charlotte-vet/2020/11/26/symptoms-kidney-failure-cats
  4. Kidney Failure in Cats
    https://firstvet.com/us/articles/kidney-failure-in-cats
  5. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023045/
  6. Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Survey of Patients’ Perspectives and Attitudes
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107012/
  7. Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21175589/
  8. The Endocannabinoid System of Animals
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770351/
  9. Healing With CBD, page 179.
    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view
  10. Cannabinoids and Pain: New Insights From Old Molecules
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.01259/full
  11. Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30157131/
  12. Nausea and vomiting
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18321441/
  13. Kidney Failure in Cats
    https://firstvet.com/us/articles/kidney-failure-in-cats
  14. Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic component of cannabis, attenuates vomiting and nausea-like behaviour via indirect agonism of 5-HT(1A) somatodendritic autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21827451/
  15. Interaction between non-psychotropic cannabinoids in marihuana: effect of cannabigerol (CBG) on the anti-nausea or anti-emetic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in rats and shrews
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21243485/
  16. Potential Clinical Benefits of CBD-Rich Cannabis Extracts Over Purified CBD in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy: Observational Data Meta-analysis
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2018.00759/full
  17. Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
    https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/
  18. What are the symptoms of end stage kidney failure in cats?
    https://www.guilfordjamestownvet.com/site/blog-greensboro-vet/2021/06/30/kidney-failure-in-cats
  19. FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD)
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd
  20. Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Safety Assessment with Use of CBD-Rich Hemp Nutraceutical in Healthy Dogs and Cats
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6826847/
  21. Healing With CBD, page 180.
    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view
  22. Nevada veterinarians can treat patients with certain cannabis products
    https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2021-10-01/nevada-veterinarians-can-treat-patients-certain-cannabis-products
  23. Page 210 of Healing With CBD
    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view
  24. Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Safety Assessment with Use of CBD-Rich Hemp Nutraceutical in Healthy Dogs and Cats
    https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/10/832/htm
  25. CBD oil: An introduction
    https://www.projectcbd.org/wellness/cbd-oil-introduction
  26. Cannabidiol Primer for Healthcare Professionals
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7340472/
  27. Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
    https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/
  28. Healing With CBD, page 282.
    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view
  29. Cannabidiol (CBD)
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556048/
  30. FAQs about CBD Use in Pets
    https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/faqs-about-cbd-use-pets
  31. CBD oil: An introduction
    https://www.projectcbd.org/wellness/cbd-oil-introduction
  32. Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/marijuana-intoxication-in-dogs-and-cats
  33. Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/marijuana-intoxication-in-dogs-and-cats
  34. How to Talk to Your Veterinarian About CBD Oil for Dogs
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/talk-veterinarian-cbd-oil/
  35. CANNABIDIOL (CBD)Pre-Review ReportAgenda Item 5.2
    https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/5.2_CBD.pdf
  36. FAQs about CBD Use in Pets
    https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/faqs-about-cbd-use-pets
  37. FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD)
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd
  38. Kidney Failure in Cats
    https://firstvet.com/us/articles/kidney-failure-in-cats
  39. ibid.
  40. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023045/
  41. Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Survey of Patients’ Perspectives and Attitudes
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8107012/
  42. Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21175589/
  43. Kidney Failure in Cats
    https://firstvet.com/us/articles/kidney-failure-in-cats
  44. Interaction between non-psychotropic cannabinoids in marihuana: effect of cannabigerol (CBG) on the anti-nausea or anti-emetic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in rats and shrews
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21243485/
  45. Potential Clinical Benefits of CBD-Rich Cannabis Extracts Over Purified CBD in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy: Observational Data Meta-analysis
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2018.00759/full
  46. CANNABIDIOL (CBD)Pre-Review ReportAgenda Item 5.2
    https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/5.2_CBD.pdf
  47. FAQs about CBD Use in Pets
    https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/faqs-about-cbd-use-pets
  48. Kidney Failure in Cats
    https://firstvet.com/us/articles/kidney-failure-in-cats
  49. ibid.
  50. Kidney Failure in Cats
    https://firstvet.com/us/articles/kidney-failure-in-cats
  51. FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD)
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd
  52. Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/marijuana-intoxication-in-dogs-and-cats
  53. CANNABIDIOL (CBD)Pre-Review ReportAgenda Item 5.2
    https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/5.2_CBD.pdf
  54. FAQs about CBD Use in Pets
    https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/faqs-about-cbd-use-pets
  55. Cannabis (Marijuana) Intoxication in Cats and Dogs
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/marijuana-intoxication-in-dogs-and-cats
  56. CANNABIDIOL (CBD)Pre-Review ReportAgenda Item 5.2
    https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/5.2_CBD.pdf
  57. FAQs about CBD Use in Pets
    https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/faqs-about-cbd-use-pets
  58. Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
    https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/

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