Best CBD Oil for Ulcerative Colitis
Are you in need of an alternative remedy to help with ulcerative colitis? Read more about CBD and how it may help alleviate the symptoms and other issues of the digestive tract associated with constipation.
Best CBD Oil for Ulcerative Colitis 2024
- Spruce 750mg Lab Grade CBD Oil Editor's Pick
- NuLeaf Naturals 900mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil Best Organic
- Spruce 2400mg Lab Grade CBD Oil Editor's Pick
- Avida Full Spectrum CBD Oil Tincture 500mg Best Seller
- cbdMD CBD Oil Tincture Natural 1500mg Best Natural Alternative
- CBDistillery THC Free CBD Oil Tinctures Best THC-Free
- cbdMD CBD Oil Tincture Natural 750mg Best Customer Rated
- NuLeaf Naturals 300mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil Best Starter
- Hemp Bombs 750mg CBD Oil Best Flavor Range
Compare the Best CBD Oil for Ulcerative Colitis in 2022
Best CBD Oil for Ulcerative Colitis
1. Spruce 750mg Lab Grade CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
4.8
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Mid-strength | No other flavors |
Natural peppermint flavor | |
Made from 100% organic and natural ingredients |
Overview
Each bottle of the 750mg CBD oil tincture contains 25mg of CBD per dropper full. The oil is peppermint flavor to mask any unpleasant tastes related to CBD.
2. NuLeaf Naturals 900mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
5.0
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Pure CBD hemp | No other flavors |
All natural | |
Approximately 300 drops total |
Overview
Natural remedy for various illnesses. NuLeaf Naturals’ CBD oil is a whole-plant extract containing a full spectrum of naturally occurring synergistic cannabinoids and terpenes.
3. Spruce 2400mg Lab Grade CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
5.0
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Extra Strength | Tastes bitter |
No artificial flavoring or colors | No THC-free option |
Made from 100% organic and natural ingredients |
Overview
The largest bottle of CBD oil that Spruce offers contains 2,400mg of CBD. This is full-spectrum CBD oil, which is the maximum possible potency. Each high potency dropper full contains 80mg of CBD. There are no flavorings in it, which allows for the most CBD to fit in the 30ml bottle.
4. Avida Full Spectrum CBD Oil Tincture 500mg
cbdc overall score
4.6
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Light Spearmint flavor | No other flavor |
Non-THC, Non-detected in drug test |
Overview
Avida Extracts Full Spectrum CBD oil is the latest iteration of the brand’s advanced Avida CORE Spectrum technology. They use a proprietary full spectrum blend, resulting in the highest naturally occurring Phyto-cannabinoids and Terpenes with THC (<0.3) to support your health.
5. cbdMD CBD Oil Tincture Natural 1500mg
cbdc overall score
4.7
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Various delicious flavors to choose from | cbdMD uses MCT as its carrier oil so individuals who are allergic with coconuts should consider other brand options |
Has vegan, organic, and gluten-free ingredients | |
Free shipping for this particular product within USA | |
World-class customer service team |
Overview
cbdMD’s CBD oil tinctures are made using only CBD sourced from medical hemp and MCT oil as a carrier oil. Tinctures are offered in orange, mint, natural, and berry flavors. Safe for daily use, the oil tinctures are packaged with a built-in rubber dropper to adjust CBD dosage easily. The packaging is made to be easy to transport and discreet to use.
6. CBDistillery THC Free CBD Oil Tinctures
cbdc overall score
4.4
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
60-Day Satisfaction Guarantee | Dropper is a bit shaky |
Various strengths | |
Oil extracted from aerial plant parts of US grown industrial hemp | |
Sourced from non-GMO industrial hemp grown in the USA through natural farming practices |
Overview
CBDistillery’s Isolate CBD Oil Tinctures harness the power of pure CBD. CBD Isolate Oil Tinctures include 0.0% THC. When you use CBDistillery CBD Isolate Oil Tinctures, you can be assured you’re using the highest quality CBD on the market.
7. NuLeaf Naturals 300mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
4.6
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Pure CBD hemp | No other flavors |
All natural | A bit pricey compared to competitors |
Approximately 100 drops total |
Overview
This is one of several concentrations from NuLeaf Naturals. As the lowest concentration, it is the company’s best option for those new to CBD oil. The product is lab-tested and fully organic. It is full-spectrum, so it contains THC in small quantities.
8. cbdMD CBD Oil Tincture Natural 750mg
cbdc overall score
4.4
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Vegan and Gluten free | Does not ship internationally |
Has a third-party lab test | |
Wide variety of CBD strengths and sizes |
Overview
A 750mg bottle of cbdMD’s Broad Spectrum Oil Tincture does not contain THC. It also has a fairly wide flavor range which is perfect for those who prefer other taste. Vegan consumers are considered since cbdMD offers Vegan products. Aside from all of that, another reason why people love cbdMD is because it’s free from harmful chemicals.
9. Hemp Bombs 750mg CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
3.9
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Wide variety of flavors | Incomplete information about the product |
Lab test results are complete | Does not ship to all international countries |
30-day money-back guarantee |
Overview
Hemp Bombs offer CBD Oil Tinctures that come in a 30ml bottle containing 750mg of CBD. They provide a wide range of flavors perfect for those that have a knack for sweets. Consumers can safely intake this because it’s free of chemicals and pesticides. Hemp Bombs also offer a 20% off on products upon subscription.
How CBD May Help With Ulcerative Colitis
Cannabidiol or CBD may help manage inflammatory diseases in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by interacting with the cannabinoid receptors within the endocannabinoid system( ECS)(1).
Several studies mentioned a strong association between the ECS and GI tract(2). The ECS helps maintain homeostasis or balance within the gut and other essential systems in the body.
A study published in Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology mentioned that the ECS significantly affects the intestinal barrier, motility, gastrointestinal immune system, and brain regions influencing gut homeostasis(3).
GI motility is the movement of food from your mouth through the throat (pharynx), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and out of your body(4).
Two predominant cannabinoid receptors within the ECS are the CB1 and CB2 receptors.
The CB1 receptors are located within the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the epithelial tissues, muscle cells along the colon wall, and enteric nervous system (ENS)(5).
The CB2 receptors are found mainly in immune cells, myenteric plexus neurons, and epithelial cells (cells on the organ’s surface)(6). The myenteric plexus is the main nerve supply of the GI tract.
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that can cause intestinal inflammation and ulcers or sores. IBD symptoms due to inflammation in the digestive system include diarrhea, bloating, constipation, and cramping(7).
CBD has purported anti-pain and anti-inflammatory properties(8). Researchers may consider these properties a field of interest for CBD as a potential remedy for ulcerative colitis flare-ups and other digestive tract issues.
Benefits and Uses of CBD for Ulcerative Colitis
One study mentioned that CBD may help prevent colitis by reducing the colon’s inflammatory response(9).
Results of a 2021 study suggested that cannabis products, particularly those containing CBD and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), may benefit patients with ulcerative colitis(10).
However, the study involved a limited number of patients, and there may be a need to conduct additional clinical trials for more conclusive results.
An animal study showed that administering CBD before inflammation occurs may prevent inflammation from happening(11). The same study mentioned that taking CBD after inflammation sets in may help reduce inflammation.
Another study, published in the British Journal of Pharmacology, determined the effects of CBD and THC on rats with colitis(12). Results showed that combining CBD and THC may help reduce inflammation in the subjects.
Although the study was conducted on animals, results may provide a helpful reference for future human studies on CBD’s potential to help manage ulcerative colitis.
Another study showed that CBD may interact with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) receptors located outside the ECS(13).
The PPAR-gamma receptor is found in the colon and adipose tissues (body fat) and helps regulate glucose metabolism and fatty acid storage.
Researchers may find interest in the interaction between CBD and the PPAR-gamma receptors to determine CBD’s potential as a remedy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
CBD Dosage for Ulcerative Colitis
Several factors like diet, exercise, health conditions, genetics, and stress levels may influence CBD dosage for each individual(14).
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), at present, has not provided any CBD dosage guides for ulcerative colitis. However, if you are contemplating trying CBD, you may begin taking CBD with a lower dosage(15).
Research suggests starting at 10 milligrams (mg) per day for CBD products of high CBD content. If the product contains THC, consider taking a low initial THC dose of 1 to 2.5mg(16).
Researchers in one study mentioned that humans may tolerate a high daily dose of up to 1,500 mg of CBD(17).
How to Take CBD Oil for Ulcerative Colitis
There are several ways or delivery methods to take CBD to help manage ulcerative colitis.
- Oral administration: This method delivers CBD through oral ingestion and carries it through the digestive tract before it spreads into the bloodstream.
Some products taken orally include CBD capsules and edibles. Examples of edibles are gummies and candies.
- Sublingual administration: CBD oil is applied sublingually or under the tongue, allowing the drug to enter the bloodstream directly and bypass the digestive tract.
CBD oil tinctures are a sublingually-applied product typically delivered using droppers or oromucosal sprays.
- Topical application: CBD oil administered topically is applied to the skin for local pain relief and does not get absorbed into the bloodstream(18).
Topical products include CBD creams, lotions, ointments, or salves.
- Rectal suppositories: CBD oil may be administered by rectal delivery using suppositories.
Research shows rectally-administered cannabinoids may help manage colitis or inflammation in the inner colon(19).
- Inhalation: This method administers CBD by smoking or using vapes. Inhalation has a shorter onset time for delivering CBD into the body than other delivery methods(20).
However, vaping has potential health risks associated with lung disease(21). Exercise caution when considering vaping or smoking to administer CBD.
Individuals with health issues must seek medical advice from their doctor before trying CBD through vaping.
The FDA does not currently support the use of CBD as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases. If you experience symptoms of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or other digestive issues, consult your doctor or gastroenterology expert first.
How Long Does CBD Take to Help With Ulcerative Colitis?
There are no extensive clinical trials or studies at present determining CBD onset times for ulcerative colitis.
A study showed that CBD ingested orally may take around 30 to 90 minutes to take effect(22).
For transdermal, topical, or sublingual routes, CBD onset times may take up to 15 to 30 minutes. For inhalation-based products, the onset time is about 2 to 15 minutes(23).
How Long Will CBD Help With Ulcerative Colitis?
To date, there is not enough conclusive scientific data regarding the duration of CBD’s effects on ulcerative colitis.
Researchers of a 2018 review mentioned that CBD administered using oromucosal sprays at 5mg to 20mg doses may have a half-life between 1.4 and 10.9 hours, respectively(24).
Half-life is the time required for a medication to decrease its concentration or quantity in the body by 50%.
Side Effects and Risks of Using CBD for Ulcerative Colitis
CBD may cause dry mouth, appetite loss, diarrhea, drowsiness, and fatigue. Humans often have a reasonable tolerance to these side effects(25).
One study stated that the side effects of CBD typically reported are tiredness, diarrhea, and changes to appetite or body weight(26).
In a 2020 study on patients with CBD oil prescriptions, the researchers stated that some patients experienced sedation and vivid dreams(27).
Choosing the Best CBD Oil for Ulcerative Colitis
To choose the best CBD oil that may help with ulcerative colitis and improve your quality of life, you should consider several factors like extraction methods, CBD product types, lab test results, and other individual preferences.
Cannabis oil usually comes from the Cannabis sativa plant and is extracted using hydrocarbon, ethanol, or carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction methods.
The hydrocarbon method uses hydrocarbon-based solvents like propane or butane for CBD extraction.
Despite hydrocarbons being flammable and neurotoxic, this method is considered safe provided safety procedures are correctly followed.
However, if the solvents are not wholly removed from the extracted CBD oil, they may be ingested accidentally and become a health hazard.
In ethanol extraction, ethanol is utilized as a solvent for extracting CBD from the cannabis plant. This method is a centuries-old practice to extract medicinal compounds from cannabis plants(28).
CO2 extraction uses carbon dioxide that is highly pressurized and liquefied for CBD extraction. Many CBD suppliers consider this method the safest way to extract CBD and other compounds from cannabis(29).
After extracting CBD oil, manufacturers categorize it as full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, or isolate.
Full-spectrum CBD oil contains all beneficial components and cannabinoids from the cannabis plant, including THC, terpenes, and flavonoids.
Terpenes are compounds that provide plants a distinct aroma, while flavonoids are plant chemicals with antioxidant benefits.
When combined, these compounds in full-spectrum CBD oil create an “entourage effect.” When this phenomenon occurs, the active cannabis compounds work together synergistically, enhancing their total benefits to become more significant than the sum of its parts(30).
Broad-spectrum CBD oil also contains most cannabinoids and other components in full-spectrum CBD extracts except for THC.
On the other hand, CBD isolates are made of pure CBD only. Isolates do not include THC or any other compounds or cannabinoids.
If you prefer CBD products that do not have THC or its psychoactive effects, consider CBD isolates or broad-spectrum CBD oil as viable alternatives.
Reputable manufacturers and CBD companies usually include a certificate of analysis (COA) with their CBD products. COAs are provided by third-party labs and contain details of a product’s actual CBD content.
Third-party lab analysis also determines whether the product contains harmful contaminants, like heavy metals, pesticides, or solvents, that may pose health risks to consumers.
When looking for a high-quality CBD product, consider purchasing from CBD brands that post their products’ updated COAs on their website. You may compare the COA results to the product label’s information to ensure they are the same.
Depending on individual preferences, some consumers may choose CBD products that are gluten-free, non-GMO, or made from organic hemp.
Additionally, informed buyers review the laws in their state regarding the legality of CBD or medical cannabis before purchasing CBD products.
Some U.S. states, such as California, Colorado, New York, and Washington, have medical cannabis programs(31).
Legality of CBD
CBD products with THC exceeding 0.3% are considered illegal under federal law(32).
The FDA cautions consumers that CBD products labeled as dietary supplements or marketed as food additives are illegal(33).
The enactment of the Farm Bill in 2018 legalized industrial hemp cultivation in the United States. The law also removed hemp-based CBD products with no more than 0.3% THC from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s list of controlled substances.
To date, Epidiolex is the only CBD product approved by the FDA for use as a prescription medication to treat epilepsy(34).
The legality of using CBD oil and medical marijuana may vary among states. Review your state’s laws and compare your CBD product’s THC content to know whether CBD usage is legal in your area.
What Is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative colitis is one of two inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), the other being Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract that usually affects the inner lining of the large intestine and rectum.
Ulcerative colitis develops over time and may cause debilitating or life-threatening complications. Some of its symptoms include(35):
- Diarrhea
- Rectal pain or bleeding
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Urgency or inability to defecate
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
Some of these signs, such as diarrhea, fever, fatigue, and abdominal pain, are also Crohn’s disease symptoms.
Stress can also worsen the symptoms or trigger ulcerative colitis flare-ups(36).
Types of ulcerative colitis are classified by their location, such as(37):
- Ulcerative proctitis: occurs close to the rectum
- Proctosigmoiditis: affects the sigmoid (lower end of the colon) and rectum
- Left-sided colitis: extends from the rectum to the sigmoid and descending colon
- Pancolitis: affects the entire colon
At present, ulcerative colitis has no cure(38). However, doctors and healthcare professionals may recommend medication or therapy to help manage its symptoms and bring about significant improvement.
Some medications for the treatment of ulcerative colitis include(39):
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
- Immunosuppressants
- Pain relievers
- Anti-diarrheal medications
Alternative treatment options include home remedies and lifestyle changes such as exercising, relaxing, eating small meals, and drinking plenty of liquids. These options may help control ulcerative colitis symptoms(40).
Turmeric is another alternative remedy for ulcerative colitis. One study suggested that curcumin, a plant-based compound in turmeric, may be a safe and promising substance to help with ulcerative colitis(41).
Product Frequently
Asked Questions
-
How can CBD help with ulcerative colitis?
CBD engages the cannabinoid receptors of the endocannabinoid system(ECS) to help relieve inflammatory conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract(42).
Ulcerative colitis is a GI tract inflammation usually affecting the rectum and large intestine.
CBD is known for its purported anti-inflammatory and anti-pain properties(43). However, more conclusive studies are needed to determine whether these therapeutic properties may help manage ulcerative colitis.
-
What evidence or research exists that says CBD may help with ulcerative colitis?
According to one study, CBD may help reduce the colon’s inflammatory response to prevent colitis(44).
Another study suggested that cannabis products with CBD and THC may benefit patients with ulcerative colitis(45).
In another study conducted on rats with colitis, results showed that a CBD and THC mix may help reduce inflammation in the subjects(46).
-
Is there any evidence that CBD can make ulcerative colitis worse?
There are currently no conclusive studies that may suggest CBD worsens ulcerative colitis.
However, some known side effects of CBD include dry mouth, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fatigue, and drowsiness(47).
In one study conducted on patients prescribed with CBD oil, results showed that CBD may cause adverse effects like sedation and vivid dreams(48).
-
Will CBD interact with any current medication I may be taking for ulcerative colitis?
CBD may interact with other drugs in a similar way that grapefruit does(49). Grapefruit can interfere with medications for Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, such as budesonide (Entocort EC)(50).
Grapefruit is known to interfere with the cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) enzymes required for drug metabolization(51).
CBD products may have a grapefruit warning on their labels. This warning informs the consumer that CBD may prevent other drugs from being metabolized and absorbed by the body.
-
Are there other treatments I should consider alongside CBD to help with ulcerative colitis?
If you are contemplating taking CBD with other treatment options, inform your doctor first for an appropriate prescription or treatment.
You may consider eating small meals, drinking plenty of liquids, exercising, and relaxing. These practices may help manage the symptoms of ulcerative colitis(52).
You may also consider taking turmeric. Turmeric contains curcumin that may be a safe and promising substance to help with ulcerative colitis(53).
-
Can I fail a drug test if I use CBD for ulcerative colitis?
CBD oil products that do not contain more than 0.3% THC do not typically cause a failed drug test. However, regular and extended CBD oil use may increase the THC in the body to detectable levels(54).
-
What is the dosage for ulcerative colitis?
There are no FDA-approved CBD dosage guidelines for ulcerative colitis. If you are trying CBD for the first time, consider taking it with a low initial dose(55).
One suggestion is to start at 10mg of CBD daily when using CBD-dominant products. If the product contains THC, you may begin with a low THC dose of 1 to 2.5mg(56).
CBD dosage may vary for each individual, depending on their health conditions, genetics, exercise, diet, and stress levels(57).
-
Is CBD legal for ulcerative colitis?
The 2018 Farm Bill legalized industrial hemp cultivation and effectively removed CBD products with less than 0.3% THC from the DEA’s controlled substances list.
However, CBD products with THC exceeding 0.3% are illegal on the federal level(58).
According to the FDA, labeling CBD products as dietary supplements or marketing them as food additives are also illegal(59).
-
Are there risks in taking CBD for ulcerative colitis?
CBD may cause appetite loss, drowsiness, dry mouth, and fatigue. However, humans may tolerate these side effects(60).
Some individuals using CBD may also experience sedation and vivid dreams(61). Other commonly reported side effects include changes to appetite or body weight, diarrhea, and tiredness(62).
-
How can I use CBD for ulcerative colitis?
You may take CBD to help manage ulcerative colitis using any of the following delivery methods and products:
- Oral administration: CBD capsules and edibles, like gummies and chews
- Sublingual administration: Oil tinctures or oromucosal sprays
- Topical application: CBD creams, lotions, ointments, or salves
- Rectal administration: CBD suppositories
- Inhalation: CBD vapes
However, vaping can cause health risks that may lead to lung disease(63). Caution is recommended when considering vaping or smoking for CBD administration.
- Page 156 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Ibid.
- Cannabinoids for treating inflammatory bowel diseases: where are we and where do we go?
https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2017.1292851 - Gastrointestinal Motility and Physiology
https://health.ucsd.edu/specialties/gastro/areas-expertise/motility-physiology/pages/default.aspx - The gastrointestinal tract – a central organ of cannabinoid signaling in health and disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5130148/ - Ibid.
- Page 156 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - CBD oil: What is it and how does it work?
https://www.eehealth.org/blog/2019/09/cbd-oil/ - Page 156 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Endocannabinoid Levels in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Correlate With Clinical Parameters and Are Affected by Cannabis Consumption
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.685289 - Page 156 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alone and in combination on damage, inflammation and in vitro motility disturbances in rat colitis
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00791.x - Cannabidiol in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Brief Overview
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4781 - CBD dosing
https://www.projectcbd.org/guidance/cbd-dosing - Ibid.
- Page 218 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa Constituent
https://doi.org/10.2174/157488611798280924 - Page 210 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Page 211 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Best way to take CBD
https://www.projectcbd.org/guidance/best-way-take-cbd - Can vaping damage your lungs? What we do (and don’t) know
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/can-vaping-damage-your-lungs-what-we-do-and-dont-know-2019090417734 - Page 191 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Page 190-195 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - A Systematic Review on the Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Humans
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01365 - What are the benefits of CBD — and is it safe to use?
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/is-cbd-safe-and-effective/faq-20446700 - Dosage, Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Administration in Adults: A Systematic Review of Human Trials
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092763/ - Cannabidiol prescription in clinical practice: an audit on the first 400 patients in New Zealand
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7330185/ - CBD oil: An introduction
https://www.projectcbd.org/wellness/cbd-oil-introduction - Ibid.
- Page 91 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Page 24-25 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - CBD & THC: Myths and misconceptions
https://www.projectcbd.org/cbd-101/cbd-misconceptions - What You Need to Know (And What We’re Working to Find Out) About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis - What are the benefits of CBD — and is it safe to use?
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/is-cbd-safe-and-effective/faq-20446700 - Ulcerative colitis: Symptoms & causes
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353326 - Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ulcerative Colitis
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10351-ulcerative-colitis - Ulcerative colitis: Diagnosis & treatment
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353331 - Ibid.
- Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17101300/ - Page 156 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - CBD oil: What is it and how does it work?
https://www.eehealth.org/blog/2019/09/cbd-oil/ - Page 156 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Endocannabinoid Levels in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Correlate With Clinical Parameters and Are Affected by Cannabis Consumption
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.685289 - The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alone and in combination on damage, inflammation and in vitro motility disturbances in rat colitis
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00791.x - What are the benefits of CBD — and is it safe to use?
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/is-cbd-safe-and-effective/faq-20446700 - Cannabidiol prescription in clinical practice: an audit on the first 400 patients in New Zealand
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7330185/ - Page 115 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Grapefruit Juice and Some Drugs Don’t Mix
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/grapefruit-juice-and-some-drugs-dont-mix - Ibid.
- Ulcerative colitis: Diagnosis & treatment
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353331 - Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17101300/ - Can You Take CBD and Pass a Drug Test?
https://www.consumerreports.org/cbd/can-you-take-cbd-and-pass-a-drug-test/ - Page 218 of Healing With CBD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Ibid.
- CBD dosing
https://www.projectcbd.org/guidance/cbd-dosing - CBD & THC: Myths and misconceptions
https://www.projectcbd.org/cbd-101/cbd-misconceptions - What You Need to Know (And What We’re Working to Find Out) About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis - What are the benefits of CBD — and is it safe to use?
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/is-cbd-safe-and-effective/faq-20446700 - Cannabidiol prescription in clinical practice: an audit on the first 400 patients in New Zealand
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7330185/ - Dosage, Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Administration in Adults: A Systematic Review of Human Trials
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092763/ - Can vaping damage your lungs? What we do (and don’t) know
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/can-vaping-damage-your-lungs-what-we-do-and-dont-know-2019090417734