Best CBD Oil for Crohn’s Disease
Are you considering CBD for Crohn’s disease? CBD Clinicals has compiled a list of high-quality CBD products that may help with Crohn’s disease for an improved quality of life.
Best CBD Oil for Crohn's Disease 2024
- Spruce 750mg Lab Grade CBD Oil Editor's Pick
- NuLeaf Naturals 900mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil Best Organic
- Spruce 2400mg Lab Grade CBD Oil Editor's Pick
- Avida Full Spectrum CBD Oil Tincture 500mg Best Seller
- cbdMD CBD Oil Tincture Natural 1500mg Best Natural Alternative
- CBDistillery THC Free CBD Oil Tinctures Best THC-Free
- cbdMD CBD Oil Tincture Natural 750mg Best Customer Rated
- NuLeaf Naturals 300mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil Best Starter
- Hemp Bombs 750mg CBD Oil Best Flavor Range
- Sunsoil CBD Oil Drops, Chocolate Mint Flavor Best Allergy Friendly
Compare the best CBD for Crohn's Disease in 2022
Best CBD Oil for Crohn's Disease
1. Spruce 750mg Lab Grade CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
4.8
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
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Mid-strength |
No other flavors |
|
Natural peppermint flavor |
|
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Made from 100% organic and natural ingredients |
Overview
Each bottle of the 750mg CBD oil tincture contains 25mg of CBD per dropper full. The oil is peppermint flavor to mask any unpleasant tastes related to CBD.
2. NuLeaf Naturals 900mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
5.0
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
Pure CBD hemp |
No other flavors |
|
All natural |
|
|
Approximately 300 drops total |
Overview
Natural remedy for various illnesses. NuLeaf Naturals’ CBD oil is a whole-plant extract containing a full spectrum of naturally occurring synergistic cannabinoids and terpenes.
3. Spruce 2400mg Lab Grade CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
5.0
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
Extra Strength |
Tastes bitter |
|
No artificial flavoring or colors |
No THC-free option |
|
Made from 100% organic and natural ingredients |
Overview
The largest bottle of CBD oil that Spruce offers contains 2,400mg of CBD. This is full-spectrum CBD oil, which is the maximum possible potency. Each high potency dropper full contains 80mg of CBD. There are no flavorings in it, which allows for the most CBD to fit in the 30ml bottle.
4. Avida Full Spectrum CBD Oil Tincture 500mg
cbdc overall score
4.6
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
Light Spearmint flavor |
No other flavor |
|
Non-THC, Non-detected in drug test |
Overview
Avida Extracts Full Spectrum CBD oil is the latest iteration of the brand’s advanced Avida CORE Spectrum technology. They use a proprietary full spectrum blend, resulting in the highest naturally occurring Phyto-cannabinoids and Terpenes with THC (<0.3) to support your health.
5. cbdMD CBD Oil Tincture Natural 1500mg
cbdc overall score
4.7
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
Various delicious flavors to choose from |
cbdMD uses MCT as its carrier oil so individuals who are allergic with coconuts should consider other brand options |
|
Has vegan, organic, and gluten-free ingredients |
|
|
Free shipping for this particular product within USA |
|
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World-class customer service team |
Overview
cbdMD’s CBD oil tinctures are made using only CBD sourced from medical hemp and MCT oil as a carrier oil. Tinctures are offered in orange, mint, natural, and berry flavors. Safe for daily use, the oil tinctures are packaged with a built-in rubber dropper to adjust CBD dosage easily. The packaging is made to be easy to transport and discreet to use.
6. CBDistillery THC Free CBD Oil Tinctures
cbdc overall score
4.4
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
60-Day Satisfaction Guarantee |
Dropper is a bit shaky |
|
Various strengths |
|
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Oil extracted from aerial plant parts of US grown industrial hemp |
|
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Sourced from non-GMO industrial hemp grown in the USA through natural farming practices |
Overview
CBDistillery’s Isolate CBD Oil Tinctures harness the power of pure CBD. CBD Isolate Oil Tinctures include 0.0% THC. When you use CBDistillery CBD Isolate Oil Tinctures, you can be assured you’re using the highest quality CBD on the market.
7. NuLeaf Naturals 300mg Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
4.6
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
Pure CBD hemp |
No other flavors |
|
All natural |
A bit pricey compared to competitors |
|
Approximately 100 drops total |
Overview
This is one of several concentrations from NuLeaf Naturals. As the lowest concentration, it is the company’s best option for those new to CBD oil. The product is lab-tested and fully organic. It is full-spectrum, so it contains THC in small quantities.
8. cbdMD CBD Oil Tincture Natural 750mg
cbdc overall score
4.4
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
Vegan and Gluten free |
Does not ship internationally |
|
Has a third-party lab test |
|
|
Wide variety of CBD strengths and sizes |
Overview
A 750mg bottle of cbdMD’s Broad Spectrum Oil Tincture does not contain THC. It also has a fairly wide flavor range which is perfect for those who prefer other taste. Vegan consumers are considered since cbdMD offers Vegan products. Aside from all of that, another reason why people love cbdMD is because it’s free from harmful chemicals.
9. Hemp Bombs 750mg CBD Oil
cbdc overall score
3.9
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
Wide variety of flavors |
Incomplete information about the product |
|
Lab test results are complete |
Does not ship to all international countries |
|
30-day money-back guarantee |
Overview
Hemp Bombs offer CBD Oil Tinctures that come in a 30ml bottle containing 750mg of CBD. They provide a wide range of flavors perfect for those that have a knack for sweets. Consumers can safely intake this because it’s free of chemicals and pesticides. Hemp Bombs also offer a 20% off on products upon subscription.
10. Sunsoil CBD Oil Drops, Chocolate Mint Flavor
cbdc overall score
3.6
CBDC Evaluation Table/Score
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
Sunsoil CBD is committed to providing high-quality products at an affordable cost. |
Product selection is limited. |
|
The company tests its products thrice before making them available to the public. |
The company uses lipid extraction methods. |
|
From cultivation to packaging, everything is done in Sunsoil CBD grounds. |
|
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Organic and sustainable farming is at the company’s core. |
Overview
The flavor profile is refreshingly sweet, and it balances well with the higher CBD concentration. Promotes the absorption of CBD into your blood circulation.
How CBD May Help With Crohn’s Disease
Clinical studies in humans and animals and anecdotal reports suggest that CBD (cannabidiol) may help with chronic pain(1).
According to studies, a range of 30% to 50% of patients with IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) experience chronic pain(2).
Crohn’s disease is a type of IBD(3). It is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract(4).
Crohn’s disease may affect the small or large intestines. It is also confined to the colon in some people(5).
Crohn’s disease symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, blood in the stool, mouth sores, weight loss, and diarrhea(6).
CBD has anti-inflammatory properties(7). It also has pain-relieving effects(8). Hence, CBD may help with Crohn’s disease.
CBD is an active compound of cannabis (sometimes called marijuana). This non-psychoactive compound works with the human body’s ECS (endocannabinoid system) to maintain homeostasis(9).
Homeostasis is a process by which living things maintain stability while adjusting to environmental conditions(10).
The ECS is implicated in gut homeostasis, regulating gastrointestinal motility and inflammation(11).
Gastrointestinal motility is the movement of food from the mouth through the throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and out of the body(12).
The endocannabinoid system is present in almost every part of the body. The ECS is composed of cannabinoid receptors, namely CB1 and CB2 receptors, found in cells throughout the body(13).
CB1 receptors play a significant role in pain sensation, while CB2 stimulates a response that fights inflammation(14).
CBD has a low binding affinity for these cannabinoid receptors. However, the compound may antagonize them in the presence of THC(15).
Like CBD, THC is also a cannabinoid found in cannabis plants. It is the compound responsible for the effects of marijuana on an individual’s mental health(16).
Researchers believe that cannabidiol may reduce the efficacy and potency of THC and regulate the perception of pain(17).
Benefits of Using CBD for Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s disease triggers inflammation in the digestive tract. The condition can be painful and sometimes may lead to life-threatening complications(18).
Studies showed that cannabidiol may inhibit intestinal inflammation and provide pain relief(19-20).
In an experimental study of cannabidiol in humans, researchers hypothesized that CBD pain relief is driven by pharmacological action and psychological placebo effects(21).
The placebo effect occurs when an individual’s physical and mental health seem to improve after taking a placebo or dummy medication(22).
A 2020 review from Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research hypothesized that cannabinoids, particularly CBD, may regulate intestinal bacteria and reduce intestinal permeability(23). These characteristics may play a significant role in symptomatic flare-ups in IBD patients.
Ulcerative colitis is a condition that triggers inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease(24).
A study on rats with colitis indicated that taking CBD and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) together may reduce inflammatory markers in the subjects(25).
The study suggested that CBD and THC may lower colitis symptoms. In addition, CBD may enhance THC’s effect in alleviating IBD in rats(26).
Still, the results of these studies are inconclusive. Therefore, further research is needed to illustrate CBD as a potential treatment of Crohn’s disease.
How to Take CBD Oil for Crohn’s Disease
There are various ways to take CBD oil for Crohn’s disease, including:
- CBD tinctures, strips, tablets, and sprays may be taken using the sublingual (under the tongue) method.
- CBD topicals like creams, lotions, salves, and balms may be used for localized relief.
- CBD patches and gels are usually administered through the transdermal method. Transdermal drug delivery is a systematic application of a drug formulation onto the skin.
- CBD oils may also be ingested through edibles, such as gummies.
CBD Dosage for Crohn’s Disease
The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has not recognized CBD as a treatment for Crohn’s disease. Hence, there is no standard CBD dosage for such a condition.
The only FDA-approved cannabidiol product is Epidiolex. It is a CBD oral solution used to treat seizures related to rare and severe forms of epilepsy(27).
A study from the journal Current Drug Safety reported that chronic use and high doses of up to 1,500 mg of CBD per day are well tolerated in humans(28).
However, the general rule is to start low and go slow.
Microdoses in the range of 0.5mg to 20mg of CBD per day may help with metabolic disorders(29).
Meanwhile, standard doses between 10mg and 100mg of CBD per day may help with pain, inflammation, and IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)(30).
In a small study on CBD use for ulcerative colitis, the participants took 50mg of CBD oil twice daily, increasing the dose to 250mg if tolerated(31).
Results showed that the participants had clinical remission and significant improvement in their quality of life. They also did not experience severe side effects after 10 weeks of treatment(32).
Still, it is best to seek medical advice to help you determine the right amount of CBD to manage IBD symptoms.
How Long Does CBD Take to Help With Crohn’s Disease?
How long CBD takes effect depends on the type of CBD administration method used.
Inhaling CBD using vape pens is the fastest way to benefit from the effects of cannabidiol(33). The vapors enter the bloodstream via the lungs without going through the digestive system.
Although vapes have immediate effects, vaping may damage the lungs(34).
How Long Will CBD Help With Crohn’s Disease?
Bioavailability means the extent to which a substance becomes fully available to its intended biological destination(35).
A study from Frontiers Pharmacology showed that CBD’s bioavailability after smoking is 31%(36).
How to Choose the Best CBD Oil for Crohn’s Disease
With so many CBD brands on the market giving claims about cannabidiol’s purported health benefits, it can be challenging to determine the best CBD oil product to manage symptoms of Crohn’s disease.
Tips on Finding the Best CBD Oil for Crohn’s Disease
1. Familiarize yourself with CBD extracts. You may choose full-spectrum CBD oil, broad-spectrum CBD oil, or CBD isolates.
A CBD product is considered full spectrum if all extracts of the cannabis plant, including CBD and other cannabinoids, terpenes, essential oils, and flavonoids, are used. The THC concentration should also be less than 0.3%(37).
Terpenes are volatile compounds found in the essential oils produced by many plants, fruits, and vegetables. Meanwhile, flavonoids are active compounds found in cannabis and many plants, flowers, fruits, and vegetables.
Broad-spectrum CBD oil is similar to full-spectrum CBD. However, it is nearly THC-free. Lastly, CBD isolates are made of pure CBD(38).
2. Support CBD companies that are transparent with their farming practices. Ensure that a third-party lab tests all their products for potency and consistency.
A certificate of analysis (COA), which indicates whether a particular product contains contaminants, is also vital.
3. Do your research. Make sure to check a CBD brand’s website and read consumer reviews and comments on social media to verify whether a CBD company is reputable or not. It would be better if you also looked for any disclaimers regarding the product.
Risks and Side Effects of Using CBD for Crohn’s Disease
CBD is well tolerated in humans and animals. It has also been deemed by the WHO to have a good safety profile(39). However, this non-psychoactive compound may still carry some risks and minor side effects, including(40):
- Reduced appetite
- Dry mouth
- Drowsiness
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
Another cause for concern is how CBD interacts with other substances or medications. CBD may inhibit cytochrome P450 enzyme production at high doses(41).
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a family of liver enzymes that metabolize nearly 60% of the pharmaceutical drugs people consume(42).
Below are a few substances that utilize the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and may interact with CBD(43):
- Antiepileptics
- Antidepressants
- Antibiotics
- Antihistamines
- Steroids
Hence, make sure to consult your healthcare provider if you are considering using CBD oil for Crohn’s disease. This way, they can advise you about the possible drug interactions and risks.
Legality of CBD
The United States Congress ratified the 2018 Farm Bill, legalizing industrial hemp and products obtained from hemp plants(44).
The bill removed hemp from the definition of marijuana in the Controlled Substances Act. Now, hemp is defined as Cannabis sativa L. and cannabis derivatives with no more than 0.3% concentration of THC on a dry weight basis(45-46).
The Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, commonly known as the Controlled Substances Act, created a drug schedule to classify substances into five categories based on the potential for drug abuse and medical use(47).
Some states have passed laws permitting recreational or medical marijuana(48).
Colorado is one of the states that legalized marijuana for adults over age 21 by passing Amendment 64 to the Colorado Constitution(49).
However, these state laws do not alter the fact that, under federal law, marijuana is still listed as a Schedule I drug(50).
Substances included in the Schedule I drugs have a high abuse potential with no acceptable medical use(51). Hence, medications under this category may not be dispensed, prescribed, or administered under federal law.
Rules and regulations regarding legal marijuana and medical cannabis may be confusing. Thus, it would be best to learn how marijuana laws differ in each state.
It would also be best to consult a physician experienced in cannabis use if you are considering using cannabis products like cannabis oil in managing Crohn’s disease, symptoms of IBD, or gut inflammation.
Product Frequently
Asked Questions
-
How can CBD help with Crohn’s disease?
Crohn’s disease is known as a type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation of the digestive tract(52). CBD has anti-inflammatory effects(53).
Therefore, CBD may help with Crohn’s disease.
-
What evidence or research exists to say that CBD helps with Crohn’s disease?
There are preliminary human clinical trials on CBD for Crohn’s disease. However, most studies have been done on rodents.
An animal study using a rat model of Crohn’s disease hypothesized that THC, CBD, and sulfasalazine treatment may reduce signs of inflammation, damage, and functional disturbances(54).
Sulfasalazine is used for bowel inflammation, stool frequency, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain experienced by patients with ulcerative colitis(55).
Ulcerative colitis is a condition that triggers inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract.
-
Is there any evidence that CBD can make Crohn’s disease worse?
No. There is no evidence suggesting that CBD can make Crohn’s disease worse. However, CBD may cause minor side effects such as fatigue and diarrhea(56).
-
Will CBD interact with any current medication I may be taking for Crohn’s disease?
Yes. CBD may interact with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs like corticosteroids (steroids)(57).
Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used as the first step in treating inflammatory bowel disease(58).
Meanwhile, antibiotics may lessen the amount of drainage from fistulas (an abnormal connection between body parts) in people with Crohn’s disease.
-
Are there other treatments I should consider alongside CBD to help with Crohn’s disease?
Always speak to your healthcare provider if you are considering other treatment options or supplements alongside CBD to help with Crohn’s disease.
Your clinician can advise you regarding risks and possible drug interactions.
They may also suggest nutrition therapy consisting of a low-fiber diet and medications, such as immune system suppressors(59).
-
Can I fail a drug test if I use CBD for Crohn’s disease?
CBD is non-psychoactive(60). Hence, it does not cause a euphoric high(61).
However, some CBD products have small amounts of THC. This psychoactive compound may build up in the body when taken regularly over as little as four to six days(62).
An increased THC level in your bloodstream may result in a positive drug test.
-
What is the dosage for Crohn’s disease?
There is no standard CBD dosage for Crohn’s disease. However, CBD doses between 10mg and 100mg CBD per day may help with pain, inflammation, and inflammatory bowel syndrome(63).
Crohn’s disease is a type of IBD. It triggers digestive tract inflammation, leading to abdominal pain and weight loss(64).
-
What strains are good for Crohn’s disease?
It is not known what strains are good for Crohn’s disease. However, some popular CBD-rich strains of cannabis include Harlequin, Ringo’s gift, and Charlotte’s web(65).
- Cannabidiol (CBD)-What We Know and What We Don’t
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/cannabidiol-cbd-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-2018082414476 - Pain Management in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5824598/ - Crohn’s Disease
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353304 - The Endocannabinoid System in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Opportunity
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22917662/ - Crohn’s Disease
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353304 - Ibid.
- Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023045/ - Research Shows Pain-Relieving Effects of CBD
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210423130221.htm - The Endocannabinoid System, Our Universal Regulator
https://www.jyi.org/2018-june/2018/6/1/the-endocannabinoid-system-our-universal-regulator - Homeostasis: The Underappreciated and Far Too Often Ignored Central Organizing Principle of Physiology
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.00200/full - The Endocannabinoid System in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Opportunity
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22917662/ - Gastrointestinal Motility and Physiology
https://health.ucsd.edu/specialties/gastro/areas-expertise/motility-physiology/pages/default.aspx - The Endocannabinoid System, Our Universal Regulator
https://www.jyi.org/2018-june/2018/6/1/the-endocannabinoid-system-our-universal-regulator - Cannabinoids and Pain: New Insights From Old Molecules
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.01259/full - Ibid.
- Cannabis (Marijuana) and Cannabinoids: What You Need To Know
https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cannabis-marijuana-and-cannabinoids-what-you-need-to-know - Cannabinoids and Pain: New Insights From Old Molecules
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.01259/full - Crohn’s Disease
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353304 - Cannabidiol Reduces Intestinal Inflammation Through the Control of the Neuroimmune Axis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163000/ - Research Shows Pain-Relieving Effects of CBD
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210423130221.htm - Ibid.
- Placebo effect
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/placebo-effect - Cannabinoids and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Emerging Effects of Cannabidiol and Potential Applications to Alcohol Use Disorders
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31803950/ - Ulcerative Colitis
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353326#:~:text=Ulcerative%20colitis%20(UL%2Dsur%2D,over%20time%2C%20rather%20than%20suddenly. - The Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Alone and in Combination on Damage, Inflammation and In Vitro Motility Disturbances in Rat Colitis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931570/ - Ibid.
- FDA Approves First Drug Comprised of an Active Ingredient Derived from Marijuana to Treat Rare, Severe Forms of Epilepsy
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-drug-comprised-active-ingredient-derived-marijuana-treat-rare-severe-forms - Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa Constituent
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22129319/ - CBD: A Patient’s Guide to Medicinal Cannabis, page 129.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MILU_6ZjYkII-XMUPHLFPiPQbrz__5Sh/view - Ibid.
- Cannabis for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30406638/ - Ibid.
- How to Safely Use CBD: Should You Inhale, Spray, Apply, or Eat It?
https://www.consumerreports.org/cbd/how-to-use-cbd-inhale-spray-apply-eat/ - Is It Safe to Vape CBD?
https://www.consumerreports.org/cbd/is-it-safe-to-vape-cbd/ - Drug Bioavailability
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557852/ - A Systematic Review on the Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Humans
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6275223/ - Cannabidiol Primer for Healthcare Professionals
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7340472/ - Ibid.
- Cannabidiol (CBD), page 5.
https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf - What Are the Benefits of CBD — And Is It Safe to Use?
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/is-cbd-safe-and-effective/faq-20446700 - Healing With CBD, page 114.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Ibid.
- Healing With CBD, pages 115-116.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - H.R.2 – Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2/text - Hemp Production and the 2018 Farm Bill
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/congressional-testimony/hemp-production-and-2018-farm-bill-07252019 - Hemp Extracts: The Dry Weight Problem
https://www.lacba.org/docs/default-source/section-documents/cannabis-law/cannabis-newsletter-jan-2021/4_thorne.pdf - The Federal Controlled Substances Act: Schedules and Pharmacy Registration
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839489/#:~:text=The%20Federal%20Comprehensive%20Drug%20Abuse,effective%20on%20May%201%2C%201971.&text=The%20goal%20of%20the%20Controlled,and%20dispensing%20of%20controlled%20substances. - Ibid.
- Legal Marijuana Use in Colorado
https://cannabis.colorado.gov/legal-marijuana-use-in-colorado - The Federal Controlled Substances Act: Schedules and Pharmacy Registration
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839489/#:~:text=The%20Federal%20Comprehensive%20Drug%20Abuse,effective%20on%20May%201%2C%201971.&text=The%20goal%20of%20the%20Controlled,and%20dispensing%20of%20controlled%20substances. - Ibid.
- Crohn’s Disease
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353304 - Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023045/ - The Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Alone and in Combination on Damage, Inflammation and In Vitro Motility Disturbances in Rat Colitis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931570/ - Sulfasalazine
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682204.html - What Are the Benefits of CBD — And Is It Safe to Use?
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/is-cbd-safe-and-effective/faq-20446700 - Healing With CBD, pages 115-116.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view - Crohn’s Disease
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353309 - Ibid.
- Cannabidiol and Other Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids for Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders: Useful Nutraceuticals?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246936/ - Cannabidiol (CBD)-What We Know and What We Don’t
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/cannabidiol-cbd-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-2018082414476 - Can You Take CBD and Pass a Drug Test?
https://www.consumerreports.org/cbd/can-you-take-cbd-and-pass-a-drug-test/ - CBD: A Patient’s Guide to Medicinal Cannabis, page. 129.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MILU_6ZjYkII-XMUPHLFPiPQbrz__5Sh/view - Crohn’s Disease
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353304 - Healing With CBD, page 198.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGlxnhS2SoFeOXEuysv75bd_C9pEnwsU/view
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