• CBD is known for its purported calming effects in dogs(1). This therapeutic potential may help calm down hyper dogs.
  • Compulsive behaviors, fearfulness, and aggressiveness are associated with hyperactivity and impulsivity in canines(2)
  • CBD may reduce aggressive canine behaviors towards humans(3). In addition, the compound may help with anxiety and anxiety-related conditions, as seen in dogs(4).   
  • Based on the Journal of American Holistic Veterinary study, dogs may tolerate CBD(5).
  • Currently, CBD is the cannabinoid of significant therapeutic interest in veterinary medicine(6). However, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has not approved CBD products like CBD oil for any use in animals(7).

Is CBD a Good Solution to Help Hyper Dogs?

A 2021 study showed that about 12% to 15% of dogs show hyperactivity and impulsivity, while 20% exhibit inattention(8)

According to VCA Animal Hospitals, dogs with a hyperactivity disorder are highly resistant and may exhibit repetitive behaviors, such as circling and incessant barking(9)

Although there is no scientific data directly examining the effect of CBD on hyper dogs, the compound’s therapeutic potential and activity in the ECS (endocannabinoid system) may provide clarity as to whether CBD is a good solution for canine hyperactivity

CBD and the Endocannabinoid System 

CBD or cannabidiol is one of the diverse cannabinoids present in cannabis plants

Meanwhile, the endocannabinoid system, pervasive in mammals like dogs, is responsible for bodily homeostasis or balance.  

The ECS comprises enzymes, endocannabinoids, and cannabinoid receptors, namely CB1 and CB2. 

Plant-based cannabinoids like CBD and  THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) may interact with the ECScannabinoid receptors(10)

CB1 and CB2 receptors, also present throughout a dog’s body, are involved in many biological processes, including the management of anxiety response(11)

Although CBD appears to have a low affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, the nonpsychoactive compound may act as an indirect agonist at both receptors(12)

Indirect agonists may increase the metabolism or release of agonist compounds. Agonists activate receptors to produce a biological response.

According to Jerry Klein, American Kennel Club’s chief veterinary officer, CBD is utilized for its anti-anxiety properties, although there is no conclusive scientific data on this use(13)

A 2020 animal study from Scientific Reports mentioned that many dogs may exhibit comorbidities between various anxiety-related traits(14)

Notably, fear is the most common comorbidity in aggressive, hyperactive, and impulsive canines(15).

Currently, CBD has garnered significant interest in veterinary medicine(16). This phenomenon is probably due to its therapeutic potential. 

Additionally, although CBD shares a similar biomedical activity to THC, cannabidiol does not have the side effect of intoxication(17)

Still, the FDA or Food and Drug Administration has not approved cannabidiol use in animals(18)

For this reason, pet owners who want to try CBD oil for dogs and other CBD products to manage their dog’s hyperactivity must talk with their veterinarians before administering the compound to their dogs. 

However, some veterinarians in the U.S. may not be legally allowed to recommend, dispense, or even discuss CBD products with their clients. Still, pet owners may initiate an open dialogue with their veterinarians(19).

The Benefits of CBD Oil on Hyper Dogs: Can CBD Oil Help Calm Down Hyperactive Dogs

There is no specific study directly examining the health benefits of CBD oil on hyperactive dogs. However, CBD is known for its purported calming effect(20). This therapeutic potential may help a hyper dog calm down. 

 A 2021 animal study from Translational Psychiatry hypothesized that dogs may exhibit human-like ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) behaviors(21).

The study involving some 11,000 canines showed that dogs’ breed, gender, age, behavioral problems, and specific environmental factors are connected to hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention(22).  

Many people with ADHD have anxiety(23). Anxiety also affects dogs(24).

A 2020 animal study from Frontiers in Veterinary Science suggested that CBD may help with canine anxiety and other anxiety-related disorders(25).

In addition, anecdotal reports from some dog owners suggest that CBD oil may help anxious dogs(26).

 According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, the most common causes of canine anxiety are aging, fear, and separation(27).  

A study suggested that canines with separation anxiety may engage in undesirable actions or behaviors when left alone(28)

Notably, young male dogs that spend more time alone at home showed higher hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention levels than older dogs(29).

In addition, another study observed significant behavioral differences between breeds(30).   

For instance, Lagotto Romagnolos showed high levels of social fear, aggression, and noise sensitivity. Meanwhile, Staffordshire bull terriers displayed high inattention, compulsive behavior, and hyperactivity(31)

Compulsive behaviors, fearfulness, and aggressiveness are factors associated with hyperactivity and impulsivity(32).  

An animal study published on February 2, 2021, suggested that CBD may reduce shelter dogs’ aggressive behavior towards humans(33)

Meanwhile, animal behavioral scientists in Brazil and the U.K. suggested that dogs with noise sensitivity should be regularly assessed for pain. They hypothesized that a dog’s fear or noise anxiety may be due to underlying pain(34).

Anecdotal reports from dog owners suggest that CBD oil may help alleviate pain(35)

In addition, a 2020 study from the journal Animals reported that dogs with osteoarthritis given oral transmucosal CBD and an anti-inflammatory drug showed significant improvement in Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores(36)

Osteoarthritis or OA is characterized by inflammation and joint pain. About 20% of all dogs are affected by OA(37).

Although these studies seem promising, they do not focus on the benefits of CBD on hyper dogs. Therefore, research regarding the efficacy of CBD on canine hyperactivity is warranted to confirm the action of cannabidiol on this behavioral pattern.

Using CBD Oil on Hyper Dogs

Dog owners can use a few methods to administer CBD oil to dogs engaged in hyperactivity

CBD tincture or CBD oil consists of CBD extracts suspended in a carrier oil, such as hempseed oil, MCT (medium-chain triglyceride) oil, and coconut oil.

CBD oil (hemp oil) or pet tinctures usually come with a calibrated dropper, allowing pet parents to dose their furry friends more accurately. 

Administering CBD oil under a pet’s tongue, cheeks, or mouth lets the compound be absorbed quickly through mucous membranes(38).  

However, some dogs may not like the earthy flavor of cannabidiol. If that is the case, pet parents can mix the oil in human-grade dog food

CBD dog treats and soft chews are easy to administer because they are usually tasty and come in flavors like peanut butter, baked cheese, and sweet potato. 

Another popular way to give one’s pet CBD oil is to apply the liquid directly to its skin. Aside from oils, CBD topical pet products are available in creams, lotions, and salves. 

CBD Oil for Hyper Dogs: Dosage Guide

Despite the interest in CBD’s medicinal potential, the FDA has not approved CBD products like CBD oil for any use in animals(39). Hence, there is no standard CBD dosage to calm down hyper dogs

The following CBD dosage guidelines for dogs came from a combination of veterinary experience and research data(40):

  • CBD doses between 0.1 and 0.5mg per kilogram of the dog’s body weight per day may be a good starting point. Pet owners may then slowly increase the dose over time to prevent excessive sedation, which may occur even with CBD products
  • CBD doses up to 5mg per kilogram of body weight may be used for complex seizure cases. 

Meanwhile, a study from the Journal of American Holistic Veterinary examined healthy dogs’ tolerability of CBD(41)

A group of 30 healthy beagles was randomly assigned to receive cannabidiol in a capsule, CBD oil, or CBD cream at a dose of 10mg per kilogram of the canine’s body weight daily or 20mg per kilogram of body weight a day for six weeks.

The result showed that CBD appeared to be well tolerated in dogs(42). Still, a more extensive study is warranted to determine the long-term effects of CBD on dogs’ livers and the compound’s association with diarrhea.   

Additionally, recommendations vary by condition and individual pets. Therefore, dog owners should always initiate an open dialogue with an experienced veterinarian before giving CBD oil and other cannabis products to their dogs(43).  

How to Choose the Right CBD Oil for Hyper Dogs 

  Most CBD companies strive to offer their customers high-quality CBD oil and CBD-derived pet products.

Some CBD brands even offer a money-back guarantee if their products do not deliver as promised. For this reason, dog owners may find it challenging to choose the best CBD pet products for their dogs’ well-being

For dog owners who want to try CBD on their canine companion, here is a guide to help them select the best CBD oil for hyper dogs:

  • Learn about hemp extracts.  

Full-spectrum CBD oil contains all the compounds naturally present in the cannabis plant, including cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. 

Terpenes are compounds present in the essential oils produced by various plants, including cannabis. These compounds provide a distinct flavor and aroma to plants(44).

Meanwhile, flavonoids are active compounds present in cannabis and common in many plants, flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Flavonoids have potential antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties(45).  

Full-spectrum CBD oil also has less than 0.3% THC concentration by dry weight. 

Another CBD variant is broad-spectrum CBD oil. Like full-spectrum CBD oil, it also contains all the natural compounds found in the cannabis plant. However, this CBD variant is THC-free.

CBD isolates are made of pure CBD. 

  • Support CBD companies that promote transparency, especially in terms of their farming practices.

Most CBD brands cultivate hemp plants from their farms. Before pet owners make any purchase, they should visit the official webpage of the CBD brand and look for more information about the company’s grown hemp, testing methods, and CBD extraction process.

  • Ensure that the CBD products go through third-party lab testing.  

The third-party lab must test CBD products to ensure that all CBD items are labeled accordingly. The products should also be free from residual solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals.

Lab reports and COAs (certificates of analysis) must be readily accessible to consumers for transparency.  

  • Assess the ingredients of the CBD pet products. 

Dog owners should read the ingredients list to determine if the products include additives or allergens that may trigger adverse reactions in their dogs. 

Some soft chews or treats may contain added preservatives that may be unsafe for dogs. Hence, pet parents can opt for natural ingredients

Gluten-free, non-GMO, and organic hemp CBD products are beneficial for a dog’s overall health. 

The Potential Side Effects and Risks of Using CBD Oil on Hyper Dogs

There is no scientific data on CBD’s potential risks and side effects on hyper dogs. However, there are possible side effects based on how the nonpsychoactive compound affects humans, such as(46): 

  • Dry mouth
  • Lowered blood pressure
  • Drowsiness

What Is CBD?

Cannabidiol, popularly known as CBD, is a cannabinoid present in the cannabis plant

This nonpsychoactive compound may counteract the undesirable effects of THC when administered concomitantly(47). THC or tetrahydrocannabinol is the mind-altering compound of cannabis (sometimes called marijuana). 

There is no definitive scientific study on the benefits of using CBD oil on dogs(48). However, CBD may have anti-inflammatory properties, anti-nausea effects, anti-anxiety impact, cardiac and anti-cancer benefits, and appetite stimulation properties(49). Still, more research is warranted to solidify these claims. 

As previously mentioned, CBD extracts are categorized as full-spectrum CBD oil, broad-spectrum CBD oil, and CBD isolates.  

A study from the journal Frontiers in Plant Science suggested that the entourage effect produced by full-spectrum CBD extracts may have better health benefits than pure CBD(50)

The entourage effect occurs when all the cannabis compounds are integrated into the product, resulting in the extract’s enhanced medicinal effects.

However, according to the American Kennel Club, dog owners should avoid full-spectrum CBD oil products because they contain traces of THC. Instead, pet parents should choose the broad-spectrum CBD variant(51)

THC sensitivity is exceptionally high in canines since they have far more cannabinoid receptors in their cerebellum and brainstem than humans and other animals(52). These parts of the brain control heart rate, respiratory rate, and coordination. 

A common sign of THC toxicity in dogs is static ataxia (loss of ability to maintain a steady position)(53)

What Is Hyperactivity in Dogs?

Dogs exhibiting hyperactivity may be particularly difficult to train. They may show repetitive behaviors, such as circling and incessant barking, and respond poorly to tranquilization(54)

Hyperactive dogs may also have gastrointestinal disorders(55)

According to the American Kennel Club, owners of hyper dogs need some education, and the dog may need to have a more appropriate daily schedule and exercise plan(56)

Hyper Dog: Signs and Symptoms

Young dogs’ excitable and rowdy behaviors will diminish with time and proper training. However, an unruly dog is still hard for the owner to manage past 6 to 9 months(57)

Here are the signs and symptoms of a hyperactive dog(58):

  • Restlessness
  • Barking aimlessly
  • Extremely clingy during hyperactivity 
  • Often gets in trouble
  • Shorter attention span

Reasons Why a Dog Is Hyperactive

There are many reasons why some canines have excess energy. These include:

  • Breed

A 2020 study from the journal Scientific Reports mentioned that impulsivity and hyperactivity were the most common in German shepherds, Staffordshire bull terriers, Spanish water dogs, and mixed breed dogs(59).  

However, impulsivity and hyperactivity are least common in miniature schnauzers and rough collies(60)

  • Dog’s Diet

A study from the Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association hypothesized that low-protein diets and diets high in tryptophan may be associated with reduced excitability, reactivity, and aggression(61).

Tryptophan is a type of amino acid for monogastric animals like dogs. Aside from being a building block for proteins, tryptophan is an essential nutrient for the immune system and nervous system(62).  

  • Blood Count 

Researchers from the University of Helsinki observed that lower blood phospholipid levels may result in canine hyperactivity(63).

Phospholipids are fat-containing phosphorus. 

In addition, the experts indicated that intestinal health may impact canine behavior. They noted that the gut microbiota structure may significantly influence the creation of neurotransmitters, which regulate mood and behavior(64)

The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the fermentation of non-digestible substrates, including dietary fibers(65)

Ways to Calm a Hyper Dog

Hyperactive dogs may have excessive motor activity, while others may have difficulty adjusting to new stimuli or acquiring new tasks(66)

Here is a holistic approach to managing canine hyperactivity and impulsiveness(67)

Provide Sufficient Daily Exercise

Everyday tasks, such as walking and playing in the dog park, are good practices. Dog owners may also consider an exercise plan for their pooch to help canines channel their excess energy effectively. 

Give Hyper Dogs a Job

Pet parents must consider giving their dogs something to do regularly, involving physical and mental stimulation. 

Schedule an Appointment With a Veterinarian

Most of the time, lack of training, exercise, and activities are reasons dogs become hyper(68). However, there could be underlying medical conditions causing hyperactivity

For this reason, pet owners must consult a veterinarian. These professionals can do a comprehensive medical exam to rule out problems. 

FAQs

1. Will CBD oil calm a hyper dog?

Cannabidiol is known for its potential to provide calming effects(69). This purported therapeutic benefit may help calm a hyper dog

2. Should dog owners give their dogs CBD oil?

A scientific report on consumers’ perceptions of hemp products for animals indicated that 77.6% of dog owners used hemp-derived products like CBD oil on their dogs for an illness or condition diagnosed by a veterinarian(70)

Although dog owners may try CBD oil for ailments their dogs may have, they must check with their veterinarians before administering CBD to their pets.

It is worth noting that the state veterinary medical board mandates veterinarians in the U.S. on how extensively they can guide their clients regarding CBD product usage(71)

Hence, dog owners must be prepared for potential limitations should they initiate a conversation with their veterinarians regarding CBD. 

Most states in the U.S. have ratified laws allowing medical marijuana use in humans, provided that individuals follow strict guidelines. However, state laws legalizing cannabis use in people do not apply to animals(72). 

Moreover, rules and regulations regarding CBD usage and medical marijuana vary from state to state. Hence, consumers must be aware of the various state laws, especially if they plan to administer CBD to their hyper dogs

For instance, in Nevada, licensed veterinarians can recommend and administer hemp and CBD products, provided that these products contain less than 0.3% THC(73)

Meanwhile, veterinarians in California can discuss cannabis with their patients. However, these experts cannot administer, dispense, recommend, or prescribe it(74).


  1. CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/
  2. Canine Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, and Inattention Share Similar Demographic Risk Factors and Behavioural Comorbidities With Human ADHD
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01626-x
  3. Cannabis sativa L. May Reduce Aggressive Behaviour Towards Humans in Shelter Dogs
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-82439-2
  4. The Impact of Feeding Cannabidiol (CBD) Containing Treats on Canine Response to a Noise-Induced Fear Response Test
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.569565/full
  5. A Report of Adverse Effects Associated With the Administration of Cannabidiol in Healthy Dogs
    https://www.ahvma.org/wp-content/uploads/AHVMA-2018-V52-CannabisAdverseEffects.pdf
  6. Cannabis in Veterinary Medicine, page 30.
    https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/APH-CannabisResources-Report-20201207.pdf
  7. FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD)
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd
  8. Canine Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, and Inattention Share Similar Demographic Risk Factors and Behavioural Comorbidities With Human ADHD
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01626-x
  9. Disobedient, Unruly, and Excitable Dogs
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/disobedient-unruly-and-excitable-dogs
  10. The Endocannabinoid System of Animals
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770351/
  11. Ibid.
  12. Ibid.
  13. CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/
  14. Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Breed Differences in Canine Anxiety in 13,700 Finnish Pet Dogs
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7058607/
  15. Ibid.
  16. Cannabis in Veterinary Medicine, page 30.
    https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/APH-CannabisResources-Report-20201207.pdf
  17. The Endocannabinoid System of Animals
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770351/#B5-animals-09-00686
  18. What You Need to Know (And What We’re Working to Find Out) About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD
    https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis
  19. Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
    https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/
  20. CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/
  21. Canine Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, and Inattention Share Similar Demographic Risk Factors and Behavioural Comorbidities With Human ADHD
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01626-x
  22. Ibid.
  23. ADHD and Anxiety
    https://www.understood.org/articles/en/adhd-and-anxiety-what-you-need-to-know
  24. Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Dog Anxiety
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/treating-dog-anxiety/
  25. The Impact of Feeding Cannabidiol (CBD) Containing Treats on Canine Response to a Noise-Induced Fear Response Test
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.569565/full
  26. Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Dog Anxiety
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/treating-dog-anxiety/
  27. Behavioral Problems of Dogs
    https://www.merckvetmanual.com/behavior/normal-social-behavior-and-behavioral-problems-of-domestic-animals/behavioral-problems-of-dogs
  28. Canine Separation Anxiety: Strategies for Treatment and Management
    https://www.dovepress.com/canine-separation-anxiety-strategies-for-treatment-and-management-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VMRR#ref29
  29. Canine Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, and Inattention Share Similar Demographic Risk Factors and Behavioural Comorbidities With Human ADHD
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01626-x
  30. Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Breed Differences in Canine Anxiety in 13,700 Finnish Pet Dogs
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7058607/
  31. Ibid.
  32. Canine Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, and Inattention Share Similar Demographic Risk Factors and Behavioural Comorbidities With Human ADHD
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01626-x
  33. Cannabis sativa L. May Reduce Aggressive Behaviour Towards Humans in Shelter Dogs
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-82439-2
  34. Dogs With Noise Sensitivity Should Be Routinely Assessed for Pain by Vets
    https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180320100719.htm
  35. CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/
  36. Oral Transmucosal Cannabidiol Oil Formulation as Part of a Multimodal Analgesic Regimen: Effects on Pain Relief and Quality of Life Improvement in Dogs Affected by Spontaneous Osteoarthritis
    https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1505/htm
  37. Helping Your Dog with Osteoarthritis
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/helping-your-dog-with-osteoarthritis
  38. Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
    https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/
  39. FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD)
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd
  40. CBD: A Patient’s Guide to Medicinal Cannabis, page 319.
    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MILU_6ZjYkII-XMUPHLFPiPQbrz__5Sh/view
  41. A Report of Adverse Effects Associated With the Administration of Cannabidiol in Healthy Dogs
    https://www.ahvma.org/wp-content/uploads/AHVMA-2018-V52-CannabisAdverseEffects.pdf
  42. Ibid.
  43. Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
    https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/
  44. The Cannabis Terpenes
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763918/
  45. Flavonoids in Cannabis sativa: Biosynthesis, Bioactivities, and Biotechnology
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7931196/
  46. CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/
  47. The Endocannabinoid System of Animals
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770351/
  48. CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/
  49. Ibid.
  50. The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334252/
  51. Does CBD Work for Dogs?
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/does-cbd-work-for-dogs/
  52. The Endocannabinoid System of Animals
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770351/
  53. Ibid.
  54. Disobedient, Unruly, and Excitable Dogs
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/disobedient-unruly-and-excitable-dogs
  55. Ibid.
  56. Is Your Dog Too “Hyper”? 5 Tips for Hyperactive Dogs
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/training/5-tips-for-a-hyperactive-dog/
  57. Disobedient, Unruly, and Excitable Dogs
    https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/disobedient-unruly-and-excitable-dogs
  58. Is Your Puppy Too Hyper? Tips and Tricks on How to Calm Your Hyperactive Puppy
    https://www.bdrr.org/dog-blog/how-to-calm-a-hyper-dog
  59. Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Breed Differences in Canine Anxiety in 13,700 Finnish Pet Dogs
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7058607/#MOESM1
  60. Ibid.
  61. Effect of Dietary Protein Content and Tryptophan Supplementation on Dominance Aggression, Territorial Aggression, and Hyperactivity in Dogs
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10953712/
  62. Tryptophan Metabolism in Animals: Important Roles in Nutrition and Health
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21196377/
  63. Canine Hyperactivity Reflected in the Blood Count
    https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161004105848.htm
  64. Ibid.
  65. Role of the Gut Microbiota in Nutrition and Health
    https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k2179
  66. Behavioral Problems of Dogs
    https://www.merckvetmanual.com/behavior/normal-social-behavior-and-behavioral-problems-of-domestic-animals/behavioral-problems-of-dogs
  67. Is Your Dog Too “Hyper”? 5 Tips for Hyperactive Dogs
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/training/5-tips-for-a-hyperactive-dog
  68. Ibid.
  69. CBD Oil for Dogs: What You Need to Know
    https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cbd-oil-dogs/
  70. Consumers’ Perceptions of Hemp Products for Animals
    https://www.ahvma.org/wp-content/uploads/AHVMA-2016-V42-Hemp-Article.pdf
  71. Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
    https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/
  72. Cannabis Use and Pets
    https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/cannabis-use-and-pets
  73. Nevada Veterinarians Can Treat Patients With Certain Cannabis Products
    https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2021-10-01/nevada-veterinarians-can-treat-patients-certain-cannabis-products
  74. Hemp Oil for Pets: Everything You Need to Know
    https://veterinarycannabissociety.org/hemp-oil-for-pets-everything-you-need-to-know/
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